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Question
What are some kinds of changes brought about by technology and the economy?
Solution
Technology and economy have immensely changed the structure of society. Technology, through its association with the economy, has caused major social changes. Various examples of these changes are as follows:
(i) The Industrial Revolution, which brought about many industries and the development of capitalist system of production in society.
(ii) The invention of the steam engine and the development of various modes of transport like rail and aeroplane transformed the entire economy and social geography of the world.
(iii) Steamships made gigantic changes not only in the economy but also in the social, cultural, and demographic directions, by enabling large scale trade.
(iv) The development of the textile industry in Britain had a negative impact on the handloom industry in India which was very distant from Britain. This type of integration of economies was enabled only by the advent of technology.
(v) Changes in economic institutions caused a skewed demand for labour and the adoption of new social practices. For example, the development of plantation agriculture of cash crops established slavery and slave trade between Europe, America, and Africa.
(vi) The ongoing process of globalisation, while being beneficial for multinational corporations, has had a negative impact on indigenous industries.
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