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Question
What is the need for preparing final accounts?
Solution
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Provides information about gross profit or gross loss:
- It shows the gross profit or gross loss of the business for an accounting year.
- This helps the business persons to find out the gross profit ratio by expressing the gross profit as a percentage of sales.
- It helps to compare and analyze the ratios of the previous years. Thus, it provides data for comparison, analysis, and planning for a future period.
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Provides an opportunity to safeguard against possible losses:
- If the ratio of gross profit has decreased in comparison to the preceding years, effective measures can be taken to safeguard against future losses.
- For example, the sale price of goods may be increased or steps may be taken to analyze and control the direct expenses.
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Provides information about direct expenses and direct incomes:
- All the expenses incurred on the purchase of goods are direct expenses. They are recorded in the trading account.
- The trading account also shows sales revenue, which is a direct income. With the help of a trading account, the percentage of such expenses on sales revenue can be calculated and compared with similar ratios of the previous years. Thus, it enables the management to have control over the direct expenses.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
From the following Trial Balance of M/s Sanjay and Keshav, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss account, for the year ended 31st March 2013 and Balance Sheet as on that date after taking into account the following additional information:
| Trial Balance as on 31st March 2013 | |||
| Debit Balances | Amount (Rs.) | Credit Balances | Amount (Rs.) |
| Opening stock | 1,80,000 | Sales | 5,25,000 |
| Bills receivable | 80,000 | Rent | 22,000 |
| Purchase | 2,40,000 | Bills payable | 78,000 |
| Bad debts | 20,000 | Sundry creditors | 1,00,000 |
| Salary and wages | 24,000 | Capital account: | |
| Discount | 9,000 | Sanjay | 5,00,000 |
| Carriage inward | 12,000 | Keshav | 3,00,000 |
| Travelling expenses | 13,000 | ||
| Cash in hand | 38,000 | ||
| Furniture | 2,80,000 | ||
| Insurance | 12,000 | ||
| Land and building | 4,00,000 | ||
| Postage and telegram | 7,000 | ||
| Sundry debtors | 2,10,000 | ||
| 15,25,000 | 15,25,000 | ||
Additional information:
- Insurance paid in advance Rs. 3,000.
- Depreciation provided on furniture at 10%.
- Salary and wages outstanding Rs. 6,000.
- Rent received in advance Rs. 5,000.
- Closing stock as on 31.03.2013 Rs. 2,00,000.
Given below is the Trial Balance of M/s. Shailesh and Nilesh as on 31st March, 2016. You are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March, 2016 and Balance Sheet as on that date :
Trial Balance
as on 31.03.2016
| Debit Balances | Amount | Credit Balances | Amount |
| Opening stock | 88,000 | Capital accounts : | |
| Purchase | 1,76,000 | Shailesh | 1,20,000 |
| Wages | 23,500 | Nilesh | 1,20,000 |
| Salaries (10 months) | 18,000 | Sundry creditors | 1,03,000 |
| Office expenses | 8,000 | Bank overdraft | 60,000 |
| Bank charges | 2,600 | Sales | 3,08,000 |
| Machinery | 90,000 | Current accounts : | |
| Land and building | 1,30,000 | Shailesh | 5,000 |
| Bad debts | 4,000 | Nilesh | 4,000 |
| Sundry debtors | 82,000 | ||
| Electricity charges | 9,900 | ||
| Furniture | 43,000 | ||
| 8% Debentures (1.10.2015) | 40,000 | ||
| Drawings : | |||
| Shailesh | 3,000 | ||
| Nilesh | 2,000 | ||
| 7,20,000 | 7,20,000 |
Adjustments :
1. Stock on 31st March, 2016 was valued at market price of Rs 84,000, which was 20% above its cost price.
2. Depreciate machinery at 10% p.a.
3. Create reserve for bad and doubtful debts at 5% on sundry debtors.
4. Provide interest on capital at 8% p.a.
5. Machinery includes purchase of machinery for Rs 40,000 on 1st January, 2016.
From the following Trial Balance of M/s Sanjay and Vijay, you are require to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss A/c for the year ended on 31st March, 2010 and Balance Sheet as on that date after taking into consideration the additional information given below :
|
Trial Balance as on 31st March, 2010 |
||
|
Particulars |
Debit |
Credit |
|
Sundry Debtors and Creditors Bills Receivable and Bills Payable Purchases and Sales Return Inward Salaries and Wages Carriage outward Insurance Premium Postage and Telegram Plant and Machinery Advertisement Import Duty Bad Debts Printing and Stationery Cash in Hand Leasehold Premises Opening Stock Dividend Received Outstanding Audit fees 10% Bank Loan (Taken on 1.10.2009) Capital Accounts : Sanjay Vijay |
45,800 28,200 98,500 2,000 26,000 1,800 2,200 1,750 70,000 3,000 2,100 1,000 2,400 1,850 80,000 12,000
|
72,700 40,000 1,10,000
1,500 60,000 45,000 45,000
|
|
Total |
3,78,600 |
3,78,600 |
Additional Information:
(1) Closing Stock was valued at Rs 25,000.
(2) Unused Postage Stamps of Rs 250.
(3) Uninsured goods worth Rs 8,000 were stolen from the godown.
(4) Leasehold property is to be run for 10 years w.e.f.1.10.2009.
(5) Depreciate Plant and Machinery at 10% p.a.
(6) Our customer Mr. Ajay became insolvent and could not pay his debts of Rs 2,000.
Answer in one sentence only.
In the absence of partnership deed, what is profit sharing ratio of the partners?
Give the word / term or phrase which can substitute the following statement.
The statement showing list of all ledger balances.
Select the most appropriate alternative from those given below and rewrite the statement.
The gross profit is transferred to _________________ account.
Triphati and Chauhan are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2. Their capitals were Rs 60,000 and Rs 40,000 as on January 01, 2015. During the year they earned a profit of Rs 30,000. According to the partnership deed both the partners are entitled to Rs 1,000 per month as Salary and 5% interest on their capital. They are also to be charged an interest of 5% on their drawings, irrespective of the period, which is Rs 12,000 for Tripathi, Rs 8,000 for Chauhan. Prepare Partner’s Accounts when, capitals are fixed.
Select the most appropriate alternative from the given below and rewrite the statement.
If any asset is taken over by a partner from the firm, his capital account will be ______
Satish and Pradeep are partners in a partnership firm, sharing profit and losses equally. From the following Trial Balance and Adjustment given below, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2013 and Balance sheet as on that date.
Balance Sheet as on 31st March 2013
| Debit Balance | Amount (₹) | Credit Balance | Amount (₹) |
| Purchases | 220000 | Partners' Capital | |
| Sundry Debtors | 45000 | Satish | 120000 |
| Discount | 4000 | Pradeep | 90000 |
| Opening stock | 25000 | Sales | 430000 |
| Wages and salaries | 23000 | Sundry Creditors | 85000 |
| Manufacturing expenses | 25500 | Discount | 3500 |
| Factory Building | 175000 | ||
| Plant and Machinery | 75000 | ||
| Advertisement (for 2 yrs w.e.f. 1.1.13) | 10000 | ||
| Salary and wages | 45000 | ||
| Cash in hand | 15000 | ||
| 10 % Govt. Bonds (purchased on 01.07.2012) | 60000 | ||
| Warehouse Rent | 6000 | ||
| 728500 | 728500 |
Adjustments :
(1) The closing stock was valued at the market price at ₹ 92000, which is 15 % above its cost price.
(2) Depreciation machinery at 10 % p.a.
(3) Outstanding wages were ₹ 2500
(4) Maintain R.D.D. at 5 % on sundry debtors.
If there is no existing provision for doubtful debts, provision created for doubtful debts is ______.
