Question

With reference to nationalism and the birth of the Indian National Congress, explain each of the following:

1. Vernacular Press Act, 1878.
2. State any three objectives of the Indian National Congress.
3. Role of Dadabhai Naoroji.

Answer 1

1. Lord Lytton enacted the Vernacular Press Act in 1878. It imposed numerous limitations on periodicals and magazines published in Indian languages. This statute became known as the 'Gagging Statute' because it limited press freedom. This was done to silence national sentiment and criticism of the authorities. This Act incited resentment among Indian intellectuals. This reactionary act galvanised Indians, resulting in nationalism and the creation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
2. 1. To foster amicable contacts among nationalist political workers from various regions of the country.
   2. To foster and strengthen a sense of national unity, regardless of religious beliefs, colour, or creed.
   3. To present public requests to the government.
   4. To educate, influence, and organise public opinion in the country in support of nationalism.
3. Dadabhai Naoroji established the East India Association in London on October 1, 1866. The association attempted to inform members of the British Parliament of India's genuine complaints. The group drew a considerable number of Englishmen who sympathised with India's plight. It also offered steps that could correct some of the wrongs. For instance, it advocated for eliminating cotton taxes and withdrawing the Vernacular Press Act. The association quickly gained popularity, with branches in Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai.