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Question
With references to George Orwell's Tlie Animd Fann', answer the following questions :
(i) Who wrote the poem 'Comrade Napoleon'?
How did Napoleon show his approval of the poem?
(ii) What precautions were taken to ensure Napoleon'?
(iii) What single commandment replaced the seven commandments on Aninzal Farin? Mention some of the changes that the animals noticed in the behavior of the pigs after the new, commandment had been put up.
Solution
(i) Minimus, Napoleon's propaganda pig, writes the poem in praise of Napoleon. Napoleon has it inscribed on the wall to remind the other animals that he is a virtuous, benevolent leader, It is also a ploy to redirect attention from the revolution.
(ii) Napolean was assigned four dogs that (guarded his bed at night, one at each comer. A young pig named Pinkeye was given the task cl tasting all his food before he ate it, lest it should be poisoned. Whenever he came out from his room to meet the public, he was accompanied by eight ferocious dogs as bodyguards Even in the farmhouse, it was said, Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others He took his meals alone, with two dogs to wait upon him.
(iii) Out of the originally inscribed seven commandments, only the last commanded remained: The one, "all animals are equal" got an addition: ''but some animals are more equal than others."
The animals noticed a number of changes in the behavior of the pigs. Already the pigs had started negotiating with humans in trade. They were living in the farmhouse, and rumor had it that they even slept in beds, a violation of one of the Seven Commandments. The animals were told that the pigs need comfortable repose in order to think clearly and serve the greater good of the farm, so they had to sleep in beds. Once the pigs started walking on two legs, two legs became better than four. They started drinking and having regular meetings · With humans. The pigs started killing other animals who dared to rebel Only the ones who sang their praises were tolerated. They wanted security, luxury and behaved as though the other animals were there to serve them. It was · just a matter of exploitation. In fact, they became tyrants and forgot all the noble principles they had formulated in the beginning. They lost all mercy and did not even bother when faithful and sincere workers like Boxer suffered or died. - They started behaving more and more like humans. Even their facial expressions changed, resembling those of humans. In fact, they became indistinguishable from humans.
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Listen to the extract on Tigers read by teacher/ student which is given below , and as you listen, complete the summary given below.
Save Tigers
The price of human greed is being paid by yet another animal species the Tiger. Today the tiger population is getting depleted at an alarming rate. According to a recent survey, one tiger is being poached everyday. If the present state of affairs is allowed to continue, the next generation will not get to see the majestic animal even in the zoo.
It is high time that action is taken to protect and conserve the tigers in order to maintain the ecological balance. Stringent laws against poachers must be enforced. It is over 40 years since the tigers became our national animal. As a result, the species was to be protected. Ironically, they are closer to extinction now than ever before. Children, scientists, conservationists, NGOs and institutions in India and world wide have put their heart and soul into trying to save the tiger. Yet there is little we all have been able to do. The responsibility and the power of protection lies with the government, specifically the forest department.
Let us not forget that if we destroy nature, ultimately we will be destroyed ourselves.
Tiger, an apex predator is an indicator of our ecosystem's health. Saving the tiger means we save the forest, since tiger cannot live in places where trees have vanished, and in turn secure food and water for all.
Tigers are now an endangered species. Today there are about 5000 to 7,400 left in the world. Three types of tigers - The Bali, Javan and Caspian tigers have become extinct. The two reasons why tigers are endangered are: Habitat loss and illegal killing.
Illegal Killing
One of the most concerning threat to our national animal that needs to be recognised is poaching. Tigers are killed to make rugs and coats out of their skins.
In many Asian cultures medicines made from tiger's body organs are believed to cure diseases.
Habitat Loss
Forests where tigers live are cut by humans for farming, building houses and roads. This leads to tigers becoming homeless and without any food. Since other animals also die when forests are cut, it leads to tigers becoming weak and their ultimate death.
Project Tiger
Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1972 to protect the Bengal Tigers. It was launched on April 1, 1973 and has become one of the most successful wild life conservation ventures. The project aims at Tiger conservation in specially constituted Tiger reserves representative of various bio geographical regions through out India. It strives to maintain a viable conservation based on tiger population in their natural environment.
Project Tiger was Indira Gandhi's pet project. The main achievements of this project are excellent recovery of the habitat and consequent increase in the tiger population in the reserve areas, from a mere 268 in 7 reserves in 1972 to above one thousand in 28 reserves in 2006.
Tigers being at the apex of the food chain can be considered as the indicator of the integrity of the ecosystem. They can be found in a wide range of habitats, from the evergreen and monsoon forests of the Inda-Malayan realm to the mixed coniferous - deciduous woodlands of the Far east Russia and the mangrove swamps of the Sundarbans, shared by India and Bangladesh.
Tigers are mostly nocturnal but in the northern part of its range, the Siberian subspecies may also be active during the day at winter-time. All wild tigers live in Asia, others live in the humid jungles of Sumatra. The body length is 140 - 280 cm and the tail length is 60 to 95 cm. The upper part of the animal ranges from reddish orange to ochre and the under parts all whitish. The body has a series of black stripes of black to dark grey colour.
Read the following story
There lived a wise old man in Purkul, Dehradun. The villagers looked up to him and approached him for all their problems. Three naughty boys Amar, Naveen and Praveen wanted to test the old man's wisdom. One fine morning they caught a butterfly while playing in the garden. Amar had the
butterfly in his hand. He said, "We will go to the old man and ask him ifthe butterfly is dead or alive. If the old man says, 'the butterfly is dead', I will open my hands and release the butterfly. It will fly away." "If he says it is alive?" asked N aveen looking at Amar with a smirk. "I will crush the butterfly and show him the dead insect," said Amar. The three of them set forth with their wonderful plan.
Amar went to the old man and said, "Sir, the villagers say you can predict the future. Now tell us if the butterfly in my hand is dead or alive?" The old man looked at the three boys with a serene smile and said, "It is in your hands."
"They say it was a shocking sight
After the field was won;
For many thousand bodies here
Lay rotting in the sun;
But things like that, you know, must be
After a famous victory.
"Great praise the Duke of Marlbro'won,
And our good Prince Eugene."
"Why,'twas a very wicked thing!"
Said little Wilhelmine.
"Nay...nay...my little girl,"quoth he,
"It was a famous victory.
"And everybody praised the Duke
Who this great fight did win."
"But what good came of it at last?"
Quoth little Peterkin.
"Why that I cannot tell,"said he,
"But 'twas a famous victory."
Read the lines given above and answer the question that follow.
How does the poet describe the scene on the field after the battle?
Why does Portia disapprove of the County Palatine? Who would she rather marry?
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
The breaking down of discipline likewise affected the dogs in their relations with one another. They quarreled and bickered more than ever among themselves, till at times the camp was a howling bedlam: 'Dave and Sol-leks alone were unaltered, though they were made irritable by the unending squabbling.
(i) What led to the break-down of discipline in the dog team?
How did it affect the relationship in the dogs?
(ii) What other acts of indiscipline did Buck's encouragement lead to?
(iii) What started the dogs off on a chase after supper one night at the mouth of the river Tahkeena?
(iv) Who led the dogs in the chase? What primitive urge did Buck experience during the chase?
(v) How did Spitz use the chase to try and outwit Buck? What does this reveal of Spitz's nature?
Discuss the following topic in groups.
What problems are you likely to face if you keep ants as pets?
With whom did the music teacher compared Ravi with?
Answer the following question.
What was the ‘game’ that every child in the school had to play?
Write True or False against the following statement.
Nasir lives in a city.
Who says this to whom and why?
“My wife knows best how to run the house.”
