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Question
With the help of suitable examples, discuss the components of Attitude.
Solution
Attitude is a psychological term that encompasses an individual's appraisal, sentiments, convictions, and behavioral dispositions towards a specific object, person, organization, or scenario. Attitudes significantly impact how people perceive, make decisions, and interact with their surroundings. The following are the main elements of attitude:
- The Cognitive Aspect: The cognitive component of attitude refers to an individual's knowledge, beliefs, and thoughts about a topic. The process involves evaluating a thing using data, reasoning, and facts. Individuals' cognitive attitudes towards environmental conservation may be influenced by their belief in the importance of maintaining natural resources.
- Affective Component: The affective component of attitude reflects individuals' emotional reactions to the subject matter. This component is associated to emotions such as hatred, joy, fear, fury, or happiness. Individuals' emotional responses to public speaking might range from joy to worry.
- The Behavioural Aspect: The behavioral component of attitude refers to an individual's attitudes towards an item and its resulting behaviors. A positive view on physical fitness leads to frequent exercise and a healthier lifestyle.
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| The Pygmalion effect, or Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area. The hypothesis was that expectations can influence performance. Robert Rosenthal chose an elementary school in California for his study and having tested all the children’s IQ, the researchers selected a sample of children at random. He informed the teachers that these were children of high academic potential. Following the test, the teachers were given the names of the ‘intellectual bloomers,’ but no scores were disclosed. At the end of the school year, all the students retook the test. While the overall scores had risen, the so-called ‘intellectual bloomers’ had improved the most because of the teachers' efforts and the attention they got from them. The evidence seemed to indicate that the teachers’ expectations had an impact on the student outcomes, especially in the younger students. A similar process works in the opposite direction in the case of low expectations. The idea of the Pygmalion effect can be applied in many situations. Our beliefs about others can lead us to treat them in such a way that they subsequently start behaving in accordance with our beliefs. |
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| The Pygmalion effect, or Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area. The hypothesis was that expectations can influence performance. Robert Rosenthal chose an elementary school in California for his study and having tested all the children’s IQ, the researchers selected a sample of children at random. He informed the teachers that these were children of high academic potential. Following the test, the teachers were given the names of the ‘intellectual bloomers,’ but no scores were disclosed. At the end of the school year, all the students retook the test. While the overall scores had risen, the so called ‘intellectual bloomers’ had improved the most because of the teachers' efforts and the attention they got from them. The evidence seemed to indicate that the teachers’ expectations had an impact on the student outcomes, especially in the younger students. A similar process works in the opposite direction in the case of low expectations. The idea of the Pygmalion effect can be applied in many situations. Our beliefs about others can lead us to treat them in such a way that they subsequently start behaving in accordance with our beliefs. |
Explain the cognitive and behavioural components of the teachers’ attitude towards the ‘intellectual bloomers’ in the Rosenthal study.
