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Question
Write answer to the following question in your own words.
How are the components of mixtures separated by simple methods?
Solution
The components of mixtures are separated by simple methods like:
- Distillation: This approach separates miscible liquids depending on their boiling points. Simple distillation is used for liquids with widely differing boiling points, whereas fractional distillation is used when boiling points are close together. Distillation is often used to create fuel, distilled water, xylene, alcohol, paraffin, and kerosene.
- Separating funnels: This approach is used to separate immiscible liquids using density differences. It is commonly used to separate oil from water or other types of immiscible oils.
- Chromatography: This method separates colored components of a mixture by comparing their movement speeds on chromatography paper while dissolved in a solvent. Less soluble components travel slower and appear lower on paper, whereas more soluble components appear higher.
- Centrifugation: Mixtures are separated via centrifugation, which involves spinning them at high speeds. It is used to distinguish between skim milk and whole milk, water from clothes in a washing machine, and blood cells from plasma.
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