Question

Write down the reasons, effects and remedial measures taken for any one disaster seen or heard by you.

Answer 1

Disaster: Flood

Floods are one of the most common natural disasters, causing widespread destruction to life and property.

1. Reasons for Floods:
   1. Natural Causes:
      • Heavy Rainfall: Excessive rain over a short period causes rivers to overflow.
      • Cyclones and Storms: High-speed winds and excessive rain lead to coastal flooding.
      • Melting of Glaciers: Increases water levels in rivers.
      • Tsunami: Causes flooding in coastal areas.
   2. Human-Made Causes:
      • Deforestation: Reduces water absorption by soil, increasing surface runoff.
      • Unplanned Urbanization: Poor drainage systems lead to waterlogging.
      • Dam Failure: Sudden release of water causes severe flooding.
      • Encroachment on Riverbanks: Reduces the natural flow of water.
2. Effects of Floods:
   1. Loss of Human Life and Property: People lose their homes, and essential infrastructure is damaged.
   2. Waterborne Diseases: Contaminated water leads to diseases like cholera and typhoid.
   3. Destruction of Crops: Causes food shortages and economic losses.
   4. Soil Erosion: Reduces soil fertility.
   5. Displacement of People: Many people become homeless and require rehabilitation.
3. Remedial Measures:
   1. Prevention Measures: 
      • Afforestation: Planting trees to prevent soil erosion.
      • Construction of Dams: Controls river water flow and prevents flooding.
      • Proper Drainage System: Helps to manage excess water in urban areas.
      • Flood Forecasting and Early Warning System: Alerts people in advance.
   2. Post-Flood Measures:
      • Providing Relief and Rehabilitation: Food, shelter, and medical aid for affected people.
      • Reconstruction of Infrastructure: Repairing roads, bridges, and buildings.
      • Health and Sanitation Measures: Preventing the spread of diseases through clean drinking water and hygiene awareness.