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Explain with examples the physical and economic factors which affect population distribution.
Concept: Factors Influencing the Distribution of the Population
"India is a land of linguistic diversity." Support the statement.
Concept: Population Composition
Assertion: Settlements can be of various types.
Reason: Various physical factors affect the growth of settlements.
Concept: Types of Rural Settlements
How have good governance and people-oriented policies with reference to the pillars of human development, increased the values of freedom and capabilities?
Concept: Four Pillars of Human Development
"The ways to measure human development are constantly being redefined". Evaluate this statement keeping in mind the attainments and shortfall in human development.
Concept: Measuring Human Development
Describe the main characteristics of Intensive Subsistence Agriculture. In which parts of the world this type of agriculture is practiced?
Concept: Agriculture
Assertion: Mediterranean regions have been inhabited from early periods in history.
Reason: Plain areas are favorable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries.
Concept: Agriculture
On the basis of the main source of moisture for crops, analyse the types of farming in the Indian scenario.
Concept: Agriculture Land Use in India
"Dependence on erratic monsoon is still a big problem of Indian agriculture." Support the statement.
Concept: Problems of Indian Agriculture
Analyse the 'low productivity' as a big problem of Indian agriculture.
Concept: Problems of Indian Agriculture
"There has been a significant increase in agricultural output and improvement in technology during the last 50 years in India." Examine the statement.
Concept: Agricultural Development in India
Explain the prominent features of Traditional Large Scale industrial regions.
Concept: Industries Based on Ownership
‘Manufacturing Industry’
Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods ’made by machines’. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with ‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’, one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment industry and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression ‘manufacturing industry’ is used.
- What do you understand by the term Manufacturing?
Concept: Manufacturing
‘Manufacturing Industry’
Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods ’made by machines’. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with ‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’, one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment industry and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression ‘manufacturing industry’ is used.
- “Manufacturing involves value addition.” Explain with any one suitable example.
Concept: Manufacturing
‘Manufacturing Industry’
Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods ’made by machines’. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with ‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’, one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment industry and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression ‘manufacturing industry’ is used.
- Name two industries which provide services rather than production of goods.
Concept: Manufacturing
Read the following case study and answer question:
| Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmadnagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country. In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel settled down in the village and took up the task of watershed development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition. Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aid. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month's salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions. A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and un touch ability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stallfeeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oilseeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. "It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people." A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this selfreliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operations. Landless labourers also gained employment. |
(1) Which of the following methods of water conservation brought prosperity in Ralegan Siddhi?
- Rainwater harvesting
- Watershed development
- Groundwater recharge
- Construction of dams
(2) Which of the following measures were taken to increase democratic participation in the village?
- Construction of school
- Local body elections
- Liquor prohibition
- All of the above
(3) Which of the following made Ralegan Siddhi independent of government's financial aid?
- Prohibition of liquor
- Voluntary labour
- Local body election
- Agriculture
Concept: Watershed Management
Examine the features of cottage manufacturing or household industries.
Concept: Household Industries Or Cottage Manufacturing
Define Tertiary Activities.
Concept: Types of Tertiary Activities
Differentiate between retail trading and wholesale trading.
Concept: Types of Tertiary Activities
Differentiate between departmental stores and chain stores.
Concept: Types of Tertiary Activities
