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Syllabus

Economics ISC (Commerce) Class 12 CISCE Syllabus 2025-26

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CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus - Free PDF Download

CISCE Syllabus 2025-26 Class 12: The CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus for the examination year 2025-26 has been released by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, CISCE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2025-26 CISCE Class 12 Economics Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CISCE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.

The detailed CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus for 2025-26 is below.

Academic year:

CISCE Class 12 Economics Revised Syllabus

CISCE Class 12 Economics and their Unit wise marks distribution

CISCE Class 12 Economics Course Structure 2025-26 With Marking Scheme

#Unit/TopicWeightage
I  Micro Economic Theory 
1.1  Demand 
1.2  Elasticity of Demand 
1.3  Supply 
1.4  Market Mechanism 
1.5  Concept of Production and Production Function 
1.6  Cost and Revenue 
1.7  Main Market Forms 
II  Theory of Income and Employment 
III  Money and Banking 
3.1  Money 
3.2  Banks 
IV  Balance of Payment and Exchange Rate 
401  Balance of Payment 
V  Public Finance 
5.1  Fiscal Policy 
5.2  Government Budget 
VI  National Income 
601  Circular Flow of Income. 
602  Concepts and Definition 
603  Methods of Measuring National Income 
 Total -
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Syllabus

CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus for Chapter 1: Micro Economic Theory

1.1 Demand
  • Demand  
    • Demand
    1.  Demand Curve and the Law of Demand
    2. Deriving a Demand Curve from Indifference
    3. Curves and Budget Constraints 
    4.  Normal and Inferior Goods 
    5.  Substitutes and Complements 
    6.  Shifts in the Demand Curve 
    7. Movements along the Demand Curve and Shifts in the Demand Curve
  • Factor Affecting Demand  
  • Market Demand  
  • Demand Function  
  • Movement Along and Shifts in the Demand Curve  
  • Demand Curve and Its Slope  
  • Determinants of Demand  
  • Derivation of Demand Curve  
  • Diminishing Marginal Utility  
  • Law of Equi-marginal Utility  
  • Conditions of Consumer's Equilibrium Using Marginal Utility Analysis  
  • Cardinal Approach (Utility Analysis)  
    • Measures of Utility
    1. Total Utility
    2. Marginal Utility
    3. Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
  • Ordinal Approach (Utility Analysis)  
    • Indifference curve
    • Marginal rate of substitution (MRS)
    • Law of Diminishing Marginal Rate of Substitution
    • Indifference Map
  • Meaning of Utility  
  • Total Utility and Marginal Utility  
  • Relation Between Total, Average and Marginal Product  
  • Consumer's Equilibrium  
    • Meaning of Consumer's Equilibrium
  • Properties of Indifference Curve  
  • Indifference Curve  
    • Features of Indifference Curve:
    1. Indifference curve slopes downwards from left to right
    2. Higher indifference curve gives greater level of utility
  • Indifference Map  
    • Marginal Rate of Substitution 
1.2 Elasticity of Demand
1.3 Supply
1.4 Market Mechanism
  • Market Equilibrium  

    Equilibrium, Excess Demand, Excess Supply

    • Market Equilibrium: Fixed Number of Firms
    • Market Equilibrium: Free Entry and Exit
  • Market Disequilibrium  
  • Effects of Shifts in Demand and Supply  
  • Equilibrium Price  
  • Simple Applications of Demand and Supply  
  • Price Ceiling  
    • Maximum and Minimum
  • Price Floor  
  • Rationing with Help of Demand and Supply Curves  
1.5 Concept of Production and Production Function
  • Production Function  
    • Meaning
    • Short-run Production
    • Long run Production
  • Production Function - Long-run  
  • Production Function - Short-run  
  • Concept of Production  
  • Returns to a Factor  
  • Law of Variable Proportions  
    • Assumptions
    • Total Product (TP)
    • Average Product (AP)
    • Marginal Product (MP)
    • Stages of Production: Stage I, Stage II and Stage III
  • Average and Marginal Physical Products  
1.6 Cost and Revenue
  • Basic Concepts of Cost  
  • Short Run Cost Curve and Long Run Cost Curves  
  • Meaning of Revenue  
  • Total, Average and Marginal Revenue  
  • Relationships of Marginal Revenue and Total Revenue  
  • Concept of Producer's Equilibrium  
    • Meaning of Producer's Equilibrium
    • Producer's Equilibrium Conditionsin Terms of Marginal Revenue-marginal Cost.
  • Cost - Fixed Cost  
  • Cost -variable Cost  
  • Cost - Total Cost  
  • Cost - Average Cost  
  • Cost - Average Variable Cost  
  • Cost - Marginal Cost  
  • Relationship Between Average Variable Cost and Average Total Cost and Marginal Cost  
  • Concept of Opportunity Cost  
1.7 Main Market Forms
  • Features of Perfect Competition  
  • Features of Monopolistic Competition  
  • Features of Oligopoly  
  • Forms of Market  
  • Features of Monopoly  
  • Meaning of Monopsony  

CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus for Chapter 2: Theory of Income and Employment

CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus for Chapter 3: Money and Banking

3.1 Money
  • Meaning of Money  
    • Meaning of money
    • Kinds of money
  • Functions of Money  
    • Primary Function  
      • Medium of exchange
      • Measure of value
    • Secondary Functions  
    • Contingent Function  
  • Meaning of Supply of Money  
    • Meaning of Money Supply
    • Determinants of Money Supply
  • Meaning of Inflation  
    • Meaning, demand pull and cost push
3.2 Banks
  • Function of Commercial Banks  
  • High Powered Money  
  • Money Creation Or Credit Creation by the Commercial Banking System  
  • Definition - Central Bank  
  • Regulatory Role of the Central Bank  
  • Function of Central Bank - Bank of Issue  
  • Central Bank Function - Banker's Bank  
  • Central Bank Function - Controller of Credit  
  • Central Bank Function - Goverment Bank  
  • Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate  
  • Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)  
  • Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)  
  • Open Market Operations  

CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus for Chapter 4: Balance of Payment and Exchange Rate

401 Balance of Payment
  • Concept of Balance of Payments Account  
    • Meaning of Balance of Payments Account
    • Components of Balance of Payments Account
    • Causes of disequilibrium and how the disequilibrium can be corrected.
  • Concept of Foreign Exchange Rate  
    • Meaning of Foreign Exchange Rate
    • Meaning of Fixed and Flexible Rates and Managed Floating
    • Determination of Equilibrium Foreign Exchange Rate
  • Determination of Exchange Rate in a Free Market  
  • Depreciation  
    • Meaning
    • Definition
    • Importance
    • Useful life of the asset
    • Depreciable assets
  • Devaluation of a Currency  
  • Concepts of Appreciation  

CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus for Chapter 5: Public Finance

5.1 Fiscal Policy
  • Meaning of Fiscal Policy  
  • Instruments of Fiscal Policy  
  • Meaning of Public Revenue  
  • Direct and Indirect Tax  
  • Meaning of Taxes  
    • Types of Taxes
    1. Direct Tax
    2. Indirect Tax
  • Types of Taxes  
  • Meaning of Public Expenditure  
  • Importance of Public Expenditure  
  • Meaning of Public Debt  
  • Public Debt - Redemption  
  • Meaning of Deficit Financing  
5.2 Government Budget
  • Meaning of Government Budget  
  • Components of Budget  
    • Capital Budget
    • Expenditure
    • Reciept
    • Revenue Budget
  • Types of Budget - Union  
  • Types of Budget - State  
  • Measures of Government Deficit Or Surpluses  
    1. Revenue Deficit
    2. Fiscal Deficit
    3. Primary Deficit
  • Deficit Budget - Primary Deficit  
  • Implications of Revenue Deficit, Fiscal Deficit, Primary Deficit  

CISCE Class 12 Economics Syllabus for Chapter 6: National Income

601 Circular Flow of Income.
  • Circular Flow of Income (Two Sector Model)  
  • Circular Flow of Income (Three and Four Sector Models)  
    • leakages
    • injections
602 Concepts and Definition
  • Aggregates Related to National Income - Gross National Product (GNP)  
    • GNP at factor cost and market prices
  • Aggregates Related to National Income - Net National Product (NNP)  
    • NNP at factor cost and market prices.
  • Gross and Net Domestic Product (GDP and NDP)  
    • GDP and NDP at the market price and factor cost
  • Concepts and Definition of NY  
  • Aggregates related to National Income - Private Income  
  • Aggregates Related to National Income - Personal Disposable Income  
  • National Disposable Income (Gross and Net)  
  • Parameters of Development - per Capita Income  
  • Real GDP and Nominal GDP  
    • GDP and Welfare
    • GDP as an indicator of economic welfare
603 Methods of Measuring National Income
  • Methods of Calculating National Income - Value Added Or Product Method  
  • Methods of Measurement of National Income  
    • Income Method  
    • Expenditure Method  
  • Simple Numericals Based on All the Methods  
    • Value Added or Product method
    •  Expenditure method
    • Income method
  • Precautions and Difficulties of Measuring National Income Method  
    • Precautions
    • Product Method
    • Income Method (Factor Earning Method)
    • The Expenditure Method (Outlay method)
    • Difficulties
    • Transfer payments
    • Difficulties in assessing depreciation allowance
    • Unpaid services
    • Income from illegal activities
    • Production for self-consumption and changing price
    • Capital Gains 
    • Statistical problems

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