Social Science SSLC (English Medium) Class 8 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2025-26

• Kinds of Souces

• Written Sources

• Archives

• Tamil Nadu Archives
• Material Sources

• Portugal

• Vasco da Gama
• Francisco de Almeida (1505-1509)
• Alfonso de Albuquerque (1509-1515)
• Nino de Cunha (1529-1538)

• The Dutch

• Dutch in Tamil Nadu

• The British
• Danish
• The French
• Conclusion

• Battle of Plassey (1757)
• Battle of Buxar (1764)

• First Carnatic war (1746 - 48)
• Second Carnatic War (1749 - 54)
• Third Carnatic War (1756 - 63)

• The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767 - 69)
• The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84)
• The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-92)
• The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) 

• The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82)
• The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-05)
• The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-18)

• Civil Services
• Army
• Police
• Judicial system

• Main Features of Subsidiary Alliance
• Merits for the British
• Defects of the Princely States

• Factors for the success of the British
• Conclusion

• Villages
• Farmers or Cultivators

• Permanent Settlement

• Salient Features of the Permanent Settlement
• Merits
• Demerits

• Ryotwari system

• Salient Features of the Ryotwari system
• Effects of the Ryotwari Settlement

• Mahalwari system

• Salient Features of the Mahalwari Settlement
• Effects of the Mahalwari Settlement

• Impact of the British land revenue system on the cultivators

• The Santhal Rebellion (1855-56)
• Indigo Revolt (1859-60)
• Pabna Revolt (1873-76)
• Deccan Riots (1875)
• Punjab Peasant Movement (1890-1900)
• Champaran Satyagraha (1917-18)
• Kheda (Kaira) Satyagraha (1918)
• Moplah Rebellion (1921)
• Bardoli Satyagraha (1929-30)

• Revolt of the Palayakkars
• Puli Thevar
• Virapandya Kattabomman

• Nawab of Arot
• Kattabomman met Jackson
• Edward Clive and Kattabomman
• The confederacy of Palayakkarars
• Fall of Panchalamkuruchi

• Velu Nachiyar
• Marudu Brothers

• Causes for the conflict
• The South Indian Rebellion (1800-1801)
• The Tiruchirappalli Proclamation (1801)
• English annexed Sivagangai

• Dheeran Chinnamalai

• Causes for the revolt
• Immediate Cause
• Course of the Revolt
• Suppression of the Revolt
• Effects of the Vellore Revolt
• Causes for the failure of the Revolt

• The outburst
• Scope of the struggle
• Leadership of the struggle
• Crushing of the struggle 

• Sources of Learning

• Ancient Education System in India: A Way of Life

• Viharas and Universities Buddhist Period

• Role of the Teacher

• Role of Christian Missionaries

• Education in the British Rule

1. From the early days of the British rule up to 1813
2. Period from 1813–1853
3. Period from 1854–1920
4. Period from 1921–1947 

• Education in Modern period
• Education since independence

• Traditional Crafts of India
• Decline of Indian Industries

1. Loss of Royal Patronage
2. Transition from producer to exporter of raw materials
3. Competition of Machine-Made Goods
4. Trading policy of the British
5. De-Industrialisation

• Beginning of Modern Industries

1. Plantation Industries
2. Machine-based Industries
3. Heavy Industries

• Growth of Modern Industries
• Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
• Industrial Growth in India
• Phases of Industrial development in India

1. Industrial development during 1950s to1965
2. Industrial development during 1965–1980
3. Industrial Development during 1980s till 1991
4. Industrial Development Post 1991 Reforms

• Modernisation
• Self-Reliance

• Sri Lankan Tamils
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Fiji
• Myanmar
• Mauritius
• Reunion

• Unique features of urbanisation under the British

1. De-industrialisation
2. De-urbanisation
3. The Growth of New Urban Centres

1. Port cities
2. Cantonment towns
3. Hill stations
4. Railway towns

• Creation of Municipalities and Corporation

1. First phase (1688-1882)
2. Second phase (1882-1920)
3. Third phase (1920-1950)

• Administration of the Presidency Towns
• Origin and Growth of Madras
• Madrasapatnam
• Making of Chennai
• Bombay
• Calcutta

• Sri Lankan Tamils
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Fiji
• Myanmar
• Mauritius
• Reunion

1. Ancient Period
2. Medieval Period
3. British Period

1. Female infanticide
2. Female Foeticide
3. Child marriage
4. Sati
5. Devadasi System

1. Raja Rammohan Roy
2. Ishwar Chandra Vidhyasagar
3. Kandukuri Veeresalingam
4. M.G. Ranade and B.M. Malabari
5. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
6. Periyar E.V.R.
7. Women Reformers

• Introduction
• Weather related / Climatic factors
• Changes in Weather

1. Temperature
2. Factors affecting the distribution of temperature
3. Measuring Temperature
4. Heat zones of the earth

1. Torrid Zone
2. Temperate zone
3. Frigid Zone

• Highest Temperature ever recorded
• Lowest Temperature ever recorded

• Rainfall
• Types of Rainfall
  1. Convectional Rainfall
  2. Orographic Rainfall
  3. Cyclonic Rainfall

• Evapotranspiration

1. Evaporation
2. Transpiration 
3. Condensation

• Forms of Condensation

1. Dew
2. Frost
3. Fog
4. Mist
5. Clouds

• Precipitation
• Forms of precipitation / Condensation
  1. Snow
  2. Hailstones
  3. Rainfall

1. Ecological or Natural Causes of Migration
2. Economic causes of Migration
3. Socio-Cultural causes of Migration
4. Demographic causes of Migration
5. Political causes of Migration

• Based on the movement associated with administrative limits

1. Internal migration
2. International Migration

• Based on the willingness of the migrants for migration

1. Voluntary Migration
2. Involuntary or forced Migration

• Based on the duration of stay of migrants in the place of destination

1. Short term migration
2. Long term migration
3. Seasonal migration

1. Demographic consequences
2. Social consequences
3. Economic consequences
4. Environmental consequences

• Definitions of Urbanisation
• Characteristics of Urbanisation

• Ancient Period
• Medieval Period
• Modern Period

1. Housing and Slums
2. Over Crowding
3. Water supply, Drainage and Sanitation
4. Transportation and Traffic
5. Pollution

• Based on their causes of occurrence

1. Natural hazards
2. Human-made hazards
3. Socio-natural hazards (Quasi-natural hazards)

• Based on their origin

1. Atmospheric hazard
2. Geologic/Seismic hazard
3. Hydrologic hazard
4. Volcanic hazard
5. Environmental hazard
6. Biological hazard
7. Technological hazard
8. Human-induced hazard

1. Earthquakes
2. Floods
3. Cyclonic Storms
4. Droughts
5. Landslides
6. Tsunami
7. Hazardous Wastes
8. Pollution of Air
9. Pollution of Water

• Basics of Economic Activities

1. Primary Economic Activity
2. Secondary Economic Activity
3. Tertiary Economic Activity
4. Quaternary Economic Activity
5. Quinary Economic Activity

I) Geographical Factors

• Raw Material
• Power
• Labour
• Transport
• Storage and Warehousing
• Topography
• Climate
• Water Resources

II) Non-Geographical Factors

• Capital
• Availability of Loans
• Government Policies/Regulations

1. Classification on the basis of raw materials
   (i) Agro Based Industries
   (ii) Mineral Based Industries
   (iii) Marine Based Industries
   (iv) Forest Based Industries
2. Classification on the basis of size and capital
   (i) Large Scale Industries
   (ii) Small Scale Industries
3. Classification on the basis of ownership
   (i) Private Sector Industries
   (ii) Public Sector Industries
   (iii) Joint Sector Industries
   (iv) Co-operative Sector Industries

• Location and size
• Political Divisions
• Physiographic Divisions

1. Sahara
2. Sahel
3. Savanna
4. The Great Rift Valley and the Great Lakes of Africa
5. East African Highlands
6. Swahili Coast
7. The Congo Basin or Zaire Basin
8. Southern Africa

• Drainage of Africa 

1. River Nile
2. River Congo or Zaire
3. River Niger
4. River Zambezi

• Climate

1. Arid and semi-arid climate
2. Tropical savanna climate
3. Equatorial climate
4. Temperate climate
5. Mediterranean climate
6. Tropical Monsoon climate

• Flora and Fauna
• Agriculture
• Minerals
• Transport

1. Land ways
2. Waterways
3. Airways

• Population

• Location and Size
• Political Divisions
• Physical Divisions

• The Great Western Plateau
• The Central Low lands
• The Eastern Highlands
• The Great Artesian Basin
• Great Barrier Reef
• Drainage
• Climate
• Flora and Fauna
• Economic Activities
• Mineral Resources
• Industries
• Transport
• Population

• Location and Size
• Climate
• Flora and Fauna
• Minerals
• Expedition to Antarctica
• Aurora

• What is a map?
• Map Reading
• Diff erence Between a Map and a Globe.
• Components of a map

1. Title
2. Scale
3. Legend or key
4. Direction
5. Source
6. Map Projection and locational information
7. Coventional signs and symbols

• Large scale maps: Cadastral maps and Topographical maps
• Small scale maps: Wall maps and Atlas
• Types of Atlas: School Atlas, Advanced Atlas, Regional Atlas and National Atlas
• Physical maps: Relief maps, Geological maps, Climatic maps and Soil maps
• Cultural maps: Political maps, Population maps, Economic maps and Transportation maps 
• Thematic Map: Choropleth Mapping, Isoline Maps and Dot Density Map

• Measurement of Distance
• Measurement of Direction
• Measurement of Area

• The Governor

• Powers and functions
• Position of the Governor

• The Chief Minister

• Powers and Functions

• Legislative Council
• Legislative Assembly

• Election to the Assembly
• The States Council of Ministers

• The working of the State Government
• How laws are made in State Government?

• Executing Laws

• High Courts:
• Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court:
  - Original Jurisdiction
  - Appellate Jurisdiction
  - Writ Jurisdiction
  - Supervisory Jurisdiction 
  - Court of Record

• Types of Citizen

• Natural Citizen
• Naturalised Citizens

1. By Birth
2. By Descent
3. By Registration
4. By Naturalisation
5. By incorporation of Territory

• Renunciation
• Termination
• Deprivation

• Sri Lankan Tamils
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Fiji
• Myanmar
• Mauritius
• Reunion

• What does Secularism mean?
• Objectives of Secularism
• The Characteristic Features of a Secular State
• Importance of Secularism
• Constitution and Secularism
• The Constitution of India has the following distinguishing features
• Mosaic of Constitutional Provisions
• Why do we need secular education?

• Sri Lankan Tamils
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Fiji
• Myanmar
• Mauritius
• Reunion

• What are Human Rights?
• Where do Human Rights come from?

• Written Precursors of Human Rights Documents
• The Birth of United Nations
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

• Human Rights are based on the values of

• Dignity
• Justice
• Equality

• Basic Characteristics of Human Rights
• Kinds of Human Rights
• Human Rights Commission
• Human Rights Organisations
• Child Rights
• Women Rights

• Sri Lankan Tamils
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Fiji
• Myanmar
• Mauritius
• Reunion

• Importance of Road Safety
• Reasons for the Road Accidents

• Over Speeding
• Drunken Driving
• Distraction to Drivers
• Red Light Jumping
• Other different factors

• Safety Measures
• Traffic Signs
• Traffic Signals

• Red
• Amber (Yellow)
• Green
• Steady Green Arrow Signal
• Flashing Red Signal
• Flashing Yellow Signal

• Traffic Rules in India

• Different colour Number Plates

• Steps taken by the Government to prevent Road Accidents
• Road Safety Week 
• Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011 - 2020
• The international Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

• Sri Lankan Tamils
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Fiji
• Myanmar
• Mauritius
• Reunion

• Security Forces in India can be divided into

• Army
• Navy
• Air Force 
• Indian Coast Guard (ICG) 

• Assam Rifles (AR)
• Special Frontier Force (SFF)

• Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
• Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
• Border Security Force (BSF)
• Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
• Sashastra Seema Bal/ Special Service Bureau (SSB)
• Home Guard

• Basic Principles of Foreign Policy
• Panchsheel
• Non-Alignment
• India’s Relation with Neighbouring Countries
• Neighbourhood First policy
• Act East Policy
• SAARC
• BCIM
• BIMSTEC
• BBIN

• Evolution of Indian Judiciary

1. Judiciary during ancient period
2. Judiciary during Medieval period
3. Judiciary during Modern period

• Judiciary and constitution
• Structure of courts in India
• Role of the Judiciary
• Jurisdiction of Supreme Court

1. Original Jurisdiction
2. Appellate Jurisdiction
3. Advisory Jurisdiction
4. Writs Jurisdiction
5. Court of Record
6. Special Powers

• High Court
• The Litigation Process
• Independent and impartial function of Judiciary

• Sri Lankan Tamils
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Fiji
• Myanmar
• Mauritius
• Reunion

• Barter system
• Major stages of Evolution of Money
• Commodity Money
• Metallic Money
• Paper Money
• Credit Money or Bank Money
• Near Money
• Recent forms of Money

• Plastic Money
• E-Money
• Online Banking (Net Banking)
• E-Banking

• Primary or main functions 

1. Medium of exchange or means of payment
2. Measure of value

• Secondary functions

1. Standard of deferred payment
2. Store of value or store of purchasing power
3. Transfer of value or transfer of purchasing power

• Contingent functions

• Savings

1. Student Savings Account
2. Savings Deposits
3. Current Account Deposit
4. Fixed Deposits

• Benefits of Savings
• Intensity to save among the students
• Investments
• Comparison of Savings and Investments

• Effects of Black Money on economy
• Recent steps against Black Money
• Some Legislative Framework in India against to Black Money

• Definition of Public Sector
• History of public Sector
• The objectives of Public Sector
• Socio-Economic Development
• Indicators of Socio-Economic Development

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• Life Expectancy
• Literacy
• Employment
• Provision of House , Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation

• Importance of Public sector

1. Public Sector and Capital Formation
2. Economic Development
3. Balanced Regional Development
4. Employment Generation
5. Export Promotion and Foreign Exchange Earnings
6. Protection to Sick Industries
7. Import Substitution

• Difference between Public sector and private sector
• Definition of Private sector
• Functions of Private Sector