Topics
History
Outbreak of World War 1 and Its Aftermath
- Introduction of Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath
- Scramble for Colonies
- Rivalry of Great Powers
- Causes, Course and Results of World War I
- Russian Revolution and Its Impact
- League of Nations
The World Between Two World Wars
- Introduction of the World Between Two World Wars
- The Great Depression
- Rise of Fascism and Nazism
- Anti-colonial Movements and Decolonisation Processes in Asia
- Anti-colonial Movements in Africa
- Political Developments in South America
World War 2
- Introduction of World War II
- Causes, Course and Effects of World War II
- Holocaust and Its Fallout
- New International Order
- Post-War Welfare States in Europe
The World After World War 2
- Introduction of The World After World War II
- Chinese Revolution
- Cold War: Rivalry Between the Us and the Soviet Union
- Formation of Military Alliances
- Korean War
- The Non-aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961
- The Cuban Revolution
- Arab-Israeli War
- Vietnam War
- Towards European Union
- Fall of Berlin Wall and End of Cold War Era
Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19th Century
- Introduction of Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19th Century
- Early Reform Movements in Bengal
- Hindu Revivalism
- Anti-Caste Movements
- Islamic Reforms
- Parsi Reform Movement
- Sikh Reform Movement (Nirankaris and Namdharis)
- Social Reformers of Tamilnadu
Early Revolts Against British Rule in Tamil Nadu
- Introduction of Early Revolts Against British Rule in Tamil Nadu
- Resistance of Regional Powers Against the British
- Palayakkarars’ Revolt 1755-1801
- Vellore Revolt 1806
Anti-colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism
- Introduction of Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism
- Peasant and Tribal Resistance
- The Freedom Struggle of 1857
- Peasant Revolts Under Crown
- The Foundation of Indian National Congress (1870 – 1885)
- Partition of Bengal
- Home Rule Movement (1916–1918)
Nationalism: Gandhian Phase
- Introduction of Nationalism: Gandhian Phase
- Gandhi and Mass Nationalism
- Gandhi’s Early Satyagrahas in India
- Non-cooperation Movement and Its Fallout
- The Struggle for Poorna Swaraj and Launch of Civil Disobedience Movement
- Beginnings of Socialist Movements
- First Congress Ministries Under Government of India Act, 1935
- Developments Leading to Quit India Movement
- Towards Freedom
Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu
- Introduction of Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu
- Early Nationalist Stirrings in Tamil Nadu
- Swadeshi Movement
- Non-Brahmin Movement and the Challenge to Congress
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-1922)
- Civil Disobedience Movement
- Quit India Movement
Social Transformation in Tamil Nadu
- Introduction of Social Transformation in Tamil Nadu
- Tamil Renaissance
- Rise of the Dravidian Movement
- South Indian Liberal Federation (Justice Party)
- Self-Respect Movement (Suyamariyathai Iyakkam)
- Labour Movements in Tamil Nadu
- Language Agitation before Indian Independence
- Women’s Movements
Geography
India - Location, Relief and Drainage
- India: a Subcontinent
- India’s Land and Water Frontiers
- India and the World
- Indian - Location, Size and Extent
- Political and Administrative Divisions of India
- Physical Divisions of India
- The North Indian Mountains
- The Trans-Himalayas
- The Himalayas
- Purvanchal (Purvachal) Hills
- Importance of Himalayas
- North Indian Plains
- Characteristics of Northern Indian Plains
- The Peninsular Indian Plateau
- The Indian Coastal Plains
- The Indian Islands
- Drainage Systems of India
- Himalayan Rivers
- Characteristics of Himalayan Rivers
- Peninsular Rivers
- Characteristics of Peninsular Rivers
Climate and Natural Vegetation of India
- Climate of India
- Factors Affecting the Indian Climate
- The Indian Monsoon
- Seasons of India
- The Winter Season or Cold Weather
- The Summer or Hot Weather Season
- Southwest Monsoon or Rainy Season
- Northeast monsoon season or Retreating Monsoon
- Distribution of Rainfall
- Natural Vegetation
- Natural Vegetation of India
- Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forests
- Tropical Deciduous Forest
- Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
- Mountain or Montane Forest
- Himalayan or Alpine Forest
- Mangrove Forests (Tidal Forest)
- Indian Wildlife
India - Agriculture
- Properties of Soil
- Types of Soils in India
- Alluvial Soil
- Black Soil
- Red Soil
- Laterite Soils
- Forest and Mountain Soils
- Arid and Desert Soils
- Saline and Alkaline Soils
- Peaty and Marshy Soils
- Improved methods of agriculture
- Sources of Irrigation in India
- Canal Irrigation
- Well Irrigation
- Tank Irrigation
- Modern Irrigation Methods
- Agriculture in India
- Types of Farming in India
- Subsistence Farming
- Shifting Agriculture
- Intensive Farming
- Dry Farming
- Mixed Farming
- Terrace Farming
- Major Crops Cultivated in India
- Food Crops
- Cash Crops
- Plantation Crops
- Horticulture Crops
- Livestock
- Fisheries
- Major Issues Faced by Farmers in India
India - Resources and Industries
- Introduction of India - Resources and Industries
- Minerals of North America
- Industries in North Amercia
- Minerals of India
- Energy Resources
- Non-renewable Energy Resources in India
- Conventional Energy Sources in India
- Renewable Energy Resources
- Agro Based Industries in India
- Forest Based Industries in India
India - Population, Transport, Communication and Trade
- Introduction of India - Population, Transport, Communication and Trade
- Population
- Migration
- Urbanization
- Transportation
- Communication in India
- Trade of South America
Physical Geography of Tamil Nadu
- Introduction of Physical Geography of Tamil Nadu
- Location and Size
- Western Ghats
- The Eastern Ghats
- Plateaus
- Plains
- Drainage
- Climate
- Soils of Tamil Nadu
- Soil Erosion
- Natural Vegetation
- Wild Life
- Hazard Mitigation
- Natural Disasters in Tamil Nadu
Human Geography of Tamil Nadu
- Introduction of Human Geography of Tamil Nadu
- Agriculture
- Geographical Determinants of Agriculture
- Cropping Seasons in Tamil Nadu
- Distribution of Major Crops in Tamil Nadu
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock)
- Water Resource
- Mineral Resources
- Industries
- Information Technology
- Population
- Transport of North America
- Communication
- Trade of South America
- Imports of Tamil Nadu
Civics
Indian Constitution
- Introduction of Indian Constitution
- The Need for a Constitution
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- Salient Features of Indian Constitution
- Preamble to the Constitution
- Citizenship
- Fundamental Rights
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Fundamental Duties
- Centre-State Relations
- Official Language
- Emergency Provisions
- Amendment of the Constitution
- Constitutional Reform Commissions
Central Government
- Introduction of Central Government
- The President of India
- Vice-President
- Prime Minister
- Parliament of India
- Attorney General of India
- The Judiciary
State Government
- Introduction of State Government
- The Executive
- Chief Minister
- The State Legislature
- Functions of the State Legislature
- Judiciary of State
India’s Foreign Policy
- Introduction of India’s Foreign Policy
- Main Objectives of Our Foreign Policy
- Panchsheel
- Basic Determinants of a Foreign Policy
- The Non-aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961
- Basic Concepts of India’s Foreign Policy
- SAARC – South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- Contemporary Context: Change and Continuity in India’s Foreign Policy
India’s International Relations
- Introduction of India’s International Relations
- India and Its Neighbours
- India’s Relationships with Developed Countries
- India and West Asia
- India and International Organisations
Economics
Gross Domestic Product and Its Growth: an Introduction
- Gross Domestic Product and Its Growth: an Introduction
- National Income
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Composition of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Contribution of different sectors in GDP of India
- Economic Growth and Development
- Developmental Path based on GDP and Employment
- Growth of GDP and Economic Policies
Globalization and Trade
- Introduction of Globalization and Trade
- Globalisation
- History of Globalization
- Trade and Traders in South India Historical Perspective
- Globalization in India
- Multi National Corporation (MNC)
- Fair Trade Practices and World Trade Organization
- Impact and Challenges of Globalization
Food Security and Nutrition
- Introduction of Food Security and Nutrition
- Food Security
- Availability and Access to Food Grains
- Purchasing Power
- Agricultural Policy in India
- Multi-dimensional Nature of Poverty
- Nutrition and Health Status
Government and Taxes
- Introduction of Government and Taxes
- Role of Government in Development Policies
- Tax
- Types of Taxes
- How Are Taxes Levied?
- Black Money
- Tax Evasion
- Taxes and Development
Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu
- Introduction of Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu
- Importance of Industrialisation
- Types of Industries
- Industrial Clusters
- Historical Development of Industrialisation in Tamil Nadu
- Major Industrial Clusters and Their Specialisation in Tamil Nadu
- The Policy Factors that Helped the Industrialisation Process in Tamil Nadu
- Entrepreneur
- Agro-Complementary Occupations
- Animal Husbandry
Agro-Complementary Occupations:
Animal husbandry is an important agro-complementary occupation in India, practiced mainly for milk production and as support in farming operations. Proper care and management of cattle are essential to ensure high yields and maintain cleanliness.
- Cows and buffaloes are raised for milk, while bulls and male buffaloes are used for tasks like pulling heavy loads.
- Indigenous varieties such as Sahiwal, Sindhi, Gir, Lal Kandhari, and exotic breeds like Jersey and Brown Swiss are maintained for their high milk yield.
- Cattle must be given a balanced diet that includes fibre-rich coarse food, fresh fodder, and plenty of water.
- The cattle shed should be clean, dry, well-ventilated, and have a proper roof to ensure hygiene and comfort.
- Regular vaccination is necessary to maintain the health of cattle and prevent diseases.
Animal Husbandry
Animal Husbandry:
Animal husbandry is an important branch of agriculture focused on breeding and managing animals raised for products like meat, milk, wool, and fibre. It involves the care, feeding, selective breeding, and raising of livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, and camels. Over time, it has expanded to include poultry farming and fisheries, encompassing activities like rearing, catching, and selling fish, shellfish, and crustaceans. For centuries, animals like bees, silkworms, and cattle have provided essential resources like honey, silk, and dairy products, highlighting the importance of animal husbandry in human life.
- Livestock in India and China constitutes over 70% of the world's population, but their contribution to global farm produce is only 25%, indicating low productivity.
- To address this, traditional methods of animal care and breeding must be supplemented with advanced technologies.
- This includes improving feeding practices, disease management, and genetic selection to enhance productivity and quality.
- The integration of modern techniques ensures sustainable and efficient production, benefiting both the agricultural economy and consumers.
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