Question

After the sudden death of his mother, Altaf's family members noticed a change in his behaviour over a prolonged period. From being a calm and an easy going person, he changed into an irritable and short tempered person. His family members took him to a therapist for consultation.

1. Which manual would the therapist refer to classify and diagnose Altaf's mental condition?
2. With reference to the principles of classification of psychological disorders, explain the Axes III, IV and V.

Answer 1

1. The therapist would use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to classify and diagnose Altaf's mental condition.
2. For the classification of psychiatric disorders, the DSM uses five axes:
   • Axis I: This group includes psychotic disorders, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders.
   • Axis II: This group includes personality problems as well as intellectual problems.
   • Axis III: Any health problems the individual may have related to their psychiatric disorder go under this category.
   • Axis IV: This includes any psycho-social or environmental factors contributing to the individual's psychiatric condition.
   • Axis V: A thorough assessment of the individual's functioning considers social and psychological factors. When Axes Ill, IV, and V are used, it provides an improved understanding of an individual's mental state by considering their overall functioning level, environmental stressors, and any medical health issues.