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प्रश्न
Compare the features of a comedy and tragedy.
उत्तर
Comedy and Tragedy differ from each other in the following ways:
| Comedy | Tragedy | ||
| a. | Theme | A Comedy deals with lighter themes like happiness, fun, laughter, etc. | A Tragedy deals with the darker themes of pain, death, etc. |
| b. | Response | A Comedy seeks to evoke laughter. | A Tragedy seeks to induce emotions of pity and fear in the audience. |
| c. | Plot | A Comedy relies on unusual circumstances and witty dialogues. | In a Tragedy, the main character usually has a moral flaw that causes the central tragic event. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the following passage carefully and complete the activities given below:
B.1) Order :
Rearrange the following sentences in proper order:
(i) Hanmant joined engineering.
(ii) Hanmant got his Diploma and secured a job in Philips.
(iii) Hanmant migrated to Pune when he was in class VI.
(iv) Hanmant took up a painting job to earn.
Hanmant Gaikwad was born in Koregaon in Satara district.
“My native place is Rahimatpur, around 10 km from Koregaon. My father was a clerk in the court and we lived in a small, rented house.”
Hanmant was a brilliant student especially good in mathematics. When he was in class six, the family shifted to Pune. They lived in Phugewadi near Dapodi in a tiny one-room house-10 by 10 feet. At this point, Hanmant realized the difference between himself and those who had money.
Hanmant was then studying at Modern High School. He needed one rupee to buy a bus ticket to and from the everyday. Even that was hard to come by.
Despite the hardships, Hanmant secured 88% in class 10. Hanmant completed his diploma and joined Philips as a trainee. But he wasn’t happy with the work he got there.
The natural choice for a diploma engineer is to go for a B.Tech. But engineering colleges charge hefty fees. At the time, the family’s only source of income was a teacher’s salary of Rs. 2,300 a month……….
And then I decided to also do some earning. “Khud Ka Kamana Chalu Kiya”.
Hanmant took up painting jobs and quickly discovered it was excellent business.
The young engineering student paid his own fees from the third year onwards. But his lifestyle remained frugal.
Life was getting better, but Hanmant had his sights set higher. In the final year of engineering, he was attracted to the writings of Swami Vivekananda.
“I felt Ki Kuch Alag Karna hai. What should I do, I did not know but in 1993 I formed an organization-Bharat Vikas Pratisthan.”
B.2) Complete :
|
Hardships faced by Hanmant Gaikwad |
B.3) Rewrite the following sentence choosing the appropriate word/s for the underlined word/s :
(i) His lifestyle remained frugal:
(a) simple
(b) meager
(c) extravagant
(ii) Despite hardships, Hanmant secured 88% in class X:
(a) In spite of
(b) Regarding
(c) Affected
(iii) Hanmant took up painting jobs:
(a) assumed
(b) to continue
(c) accepted
(iv) Hanmant had his sights set higher:
(a) looked ahead
(b) lofty ambitions
(c) looked above
B.4) Do as Directed
(i) Hanmant secured 88% in class X. ( Begin the sentence as-88%....................)
(ii) In the final year of engineering, he was attracted towards the writings of Swami Vivekananda. (Frame a ‘Wh-question’ to get the underlined part as the answer.)
B.5) “Today’s hardships lead to tomorrow’s success”-Justify.
Read the text below and summarise it.
The Great Desert Where Hippos Once Wallowed
The Sahara sets a standard for dry land. It’s the world’s largest desert. Relative humidity can drop into the low single digits. There are places where it rains only about once a century. There are people who reach the end of their lives without ever seeing water come from the sky.
Yet beneath the Sahara are vast aquifers of fresh water, enough liquid to fill a small sea. It is fossil water, a treasure laid down in prehistoric times, some of it possibly a million years old. Just 6,000 years ago, the Sahara was a much different place.
It was green. Prehistoric rock art in the Sahara shows something surprising: hippopotamuses, which need year-round water.
“We don’t have much evidence of a tropical paradise out there, but we had something perfectly liveable,” says Jennifer Smith, a geologist at Washington University in St Louis.
The green Sahara was the product of the migration of the paleo-monsoon. In the same way that ice ages come and go, so too do monsoons migrate north and south. The dynamics of earth’s motion are responsible. The tilt of the earth’s axis varies in a regular cycle — sometimes the planet is more tilted towards the sun, sometimes less so. The axis also wobbles like a spinning top. The date of the earth’s perihelion — its closest approach to the sun — varies in cycle as well.
At times when the Northern Hemisphere tilts sharply towards the sun and the planet makes its closest approach, the increased blast of sunlight during the north’s summer months can cause the African monsoon (which currently occurs between the Equator and roughly 17°N latitude) to shift to the north as it did 10,000 years ago, inundating North Africa.
Around 5,000 years ago the monsoon shifted dramatically southward again. The prehistoric inhabitants of the Sahara discovered that their relatively green surroundings were undergoing something worse than a drought (and perhaps they migrated towards the Nile Valley, where Egyptian culture began to flourish at around the same time).
“We’re learning, and only in recent years, that some climate changes in the past have been as rapid as anything underway today,” says Robert Giegengack, a University of Pennsylvania geologist.
As the land dried out and vegetation decreased, the soil lost its ability to hold water when it did rain. Fewer clouds formed from evaporation. When it rained, the water washed away and evaporated quickly. There was a kind of runaway drying effect. By 4,000 years ago the Sahara had become what it is today.
No one knows how human-driven climate change may alter the Sahara in the future. It’s something scientists can ponder while sipping bottled fossil water pumped from underground.
“It’s the best water in Egypt,” Giegengack said — clean, refreshing mineral water. If you want to drink something good, try the ancient buried treasure of the Sahara.
Staff Writer, Washington Post
Discuss the following statement in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.
Reality is what is directly experienced through the senses.
Why did the narrator of the story want to forget the address?
We 'draw up a deed'. Complete the following phrase with an appropriate word.
________one's word
Poetry and science are incompatible.
Notice these words in the poem and guess their meaning from the context
| turquoise | darts |
What are the unpleasant aspects of the human condition that the poet wants to escape from?
Make groups and discuss the following:
Name a few scientists/explorers/social reformers/inventors/discoverers, who spent most of their lives to find solutions to some major problems/setbacks, that mankind faced.
Say why the speaker of the poem wishes to be a -
gardener
Answer in your own words.
Read and write down 5 points which prove that Tomba, (Lanthoi’s father) firmly believes in gender equality.
Make a list of archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents.
Read the story and choose the appropriate meaning.
Masterpiece ____________.
The soldier-bees carry home ______.
Find at least two things from the poem that show the following:
The atmosphere is pleasant.
Read the given words and share with your friend what comes to your mind.
Wash your handkerchief clean. Hang it with a peg to dry in the wind. Watch how it flutters.
Discuss the following question after you have seen a presentation of the ‘ad’.
What would happen if you never ate fruits and vegetables?
Write a short monologue using one of the following ideas. Write down the monologue and present it in the class.
Yonamine’s father worrying about getting her married.
Answer the following question in one sentence.
What examples of man’s progress have been given in the poem?
Write a short note on the following:
Care of animals in the regime of Emperor Ashoka
Write the following in short:
The story of the three caskets.
Read the passage and answer the following:
Which book is introduced in the passage?
A parody is a playful, comic imitation of a writer’s style. A parody is like a verbal cartoon. Compare the original poem and its parody given on page 35 using the following points:
|
How doth the little busy bee |
How doth the little crocodile (parody) |
| Choice of a subject (an animal) | __________________ |
| __________________ | __________________ |
| Number of lines and stanzas | __________________ |
| __________________ | __________________ |
| Same or similar constructions | __________________ |
| __________________ | __________________ |
| Tone of the poem | __________________ |
| __________________ | __________________ |
Write the symbol that is used in the poem to represent the following idea.
I made a rare choice.
Who said the following, to whom, and when?
“He dwells within a cave of Himalaya.”
How was Gulliver taken to the city?
Write how the travellers crossed the second gulf.
Look at the following expressions from the text. With the help of your teacher rewrite them in standard English. One has been done for you.
| 1. ‘Musta got away – whatt’d he like? | Must got away - what was he like?’ |
| 2. ‘Looky here, Joe | |
| 3. ‘No sign o’ nothing’ | |
| 4. ‘Back t’ the lines ye goodaam | |
| 5. ‘What was the idea of all them cops tarryhootin’ round the house last night. |
‘Finally the day had come’. Here the day refers to ______.
How did Hamid’s friends show that they enjoyed eating the sweets?
The parents noticed some changes in the child. What were they?
Read the line and answer the question.
I must go down to the sea again, to the lonely sea and the sky
Where does the poet want to go?
Read the line and answer the question.
And the wheel’s kick and the winds song and the white sail’s shaking
What according to the poet are the pleasures of sailing?
The ______ is a biological relative of tortoises.
Read the poem aloud in pairs.
When Amma said,'Don’t upset our foreign visitor' she meant______.
Amma bought the vegetables from the______.
Find out the idiom that relates to ‘whatever the circumstances’, from the first paragraph.
The farmer had _______ daughters.
Match the following.
| treat everyone | love each of her child |
| nation | no inner boundaries |
| kind | not divided as people |
| country | alike |
Name the character or speaker.
"Why don't you do that yourself?"
The robot that sat on her shoulder was a______.
Look at the picture and Choose the correct word.
Why should we read?
How will you treat your guest?
Akilan’s passion is to learn ______.
Who was Akilan’s inspiration?
What did they use as net?
Identify the character/speaker.
"Grow the fish at home, Anbu."
______was with Robinson.
______are the real wealth.
Which quality makes 'world is one and human is one'?
Fill in the blank with rhyming word.
tunnels- ______
Nithin's mom said that Bala's father is a ______ magician.
What would you like to learn in school? why?
If the fisher draws his net soon, he won’t get ______ in the net.
What was the truth finally learned by Chris?
Why did the dogs feel scared when they saw the jackal?
Make groups of 10-15. In this game, each person writes three sentences about himself/herself, two of which are true and the third one is a lie. Read aloud your sentences, while others guess which two are true and which is a lie.
Examples: Hello, everyone! I am Sonali. I have a brother and a sister. I live in Amalner. We have a pet dog at home.
In the game ‘Two Truths, One Lie!’, it is necessary to use details which can be verified to see whether they are true or false. For example, you cannot use sentences like ‘I once had a blue sweater.’
