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प्रश्न
Describe the model which states that intellectual activity involves the three interdependent functioning of neurological systems.
उत्तर
According to the PASS model, an information processing approach-based hypothesis, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems known as functional units of the brain. These units are responsible for:
- the arousal and attention.
- the simultaneous and successive processing.
- the planning.
Arousal and Attention:
- A person can process information and pay attention to stimuli when they are in an arousal state.
- The ideal level of arousal directs our attention to pertinent components of a problem, while too much or too little excitement impairs performance and attention.
Example:
Arousal helps the individual to focus one's attention on reading, learning and revising the contents of the material to be learnt.
Simultaneous and Successive Processing:
- Simultaneous Processing refers to perceiving relations amongst various concepts and integrate them into meaningful patterns for comprehension. For e.g., in Raven's standard progressive matrices (RSPM Test) choosing appropriate pattern by comprehending relationship.
- Successive Processing refers to recalling information serially so that one recall leads to another recall. For example, learning of digits and letters and multiplication tables.
Planning:
- Planning is engaged when the information is handled and analysed. Reaching the aim and assessing their effectiveness are both part of planning.
- If a plan fails, it is adjusted to meet the needs of the task or situation. To tackle a test scheduled by your teacher, for example, you'd have to make goals, arrange a study programme, request clarification in case of complications, or think of alternative approaches to fulfill your goals.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the case given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option:
This is a story of three students Ruby, Radhika and Shankar who were enrolled in an Undergraduate Psychology Program in a University. Ruby was the admission officer’s dream. She was selected for the program as she had perfect entrance test scores, outstanding grades and excellent letters of recommendation. But when it was time for Ruby to start coming up with ideas of her own, she disappointed her professors.
On the other hand, Radhika did not meet the admission officer’s expectations. She had good grades but low entrance exam scores. However, her letters of recommendation described her as a creative young woman. She could design and implement research work with minimal guidance at college.
Shankar ranked somewhere in between the two students. He was satisfactory on almost every traditional measure of success. But rather than falling somewhere in the middle of his class at college, Shankar proved to be an outstanding student. His strength lay in the ability to not only adapt well to the demands of his new environment but also to modify the environment to suit his needs.
Identify the type of intelligence Ruby possesses.
____________ refers to the abilities involved in forming, using, and transforming mental images.
PASS model of intelligence was proposed by:
Maslow grouped the five needs into two categories
"Interest is latent attention and attention is interest in action." This statement deals with the ______
"It is not a different process; it is just attention to irrelevant stimuli that are not a part of the main assigned task." Then what is it?
Ability to use past experiences creatively to solve novel problems is known as
There are persons who easily adapt to their present environment or select a more favourable environment than the existing one or modify the environment to fit their needs. Therefore, they turn out to be successful in their life. The kind of intelligence shown by them is
Sternberg's experiential intelligence includes
A person, who is generally aggressive, may behave in a submissive manner in the presence of her/his top boss. The kind of behaviour shown by him is affected by
Diya is a diligent girl, who shows commitment, persistence and patience. All her behaviour is goal directed. Such characteristics focus on facet of integral intelligence.
______ is an exceptional general ability shown in superior performance in a wide variety of areas.
The most popular therapy which combines cognitive therapy with behavioral techniques is ______.
Jasleen is high on critical thinking and can manipulate symbols to solve numerical problems. She is also high on the ability to understand one’s own feelings, motives, and desires. Which of the following intelligence is displayed by Jasleen?
- Spatial
- Logical-mathematical
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
Describe the PASS model of intelligence.
Read the case and answer the question that follows.
|
Alfred Binet, in 1905, was requested by the French government to devise a method by which students who experienced difficulty in school could be identified. Binet and his colleague, Theodore Simon, began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools those days, such as memory, and attention skills related to problem-solving. Using these questions, Binet determined which were ones that served as the best predictors of school success. Binet quickly realized that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa. Based on this observation, Binet suggested the concept of mental age, or a measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children of a certain age group. This first intelligence test is referred to as the Binet-Simon Scale. He insisted that intelligence is influenced by many factors, it changes over time, and it can only be compared in children with similar backgrounds. |
Identify the approach on which the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale is based. Discuss its features.
Read the case study and answer the question that follows:
| When Srikanth Bolla was born, neighbours in the village suggested that his parents smother him. It was better than the pain they would have to go through their lifetime, some said. He is a “useless” baby without eyes; being born blind is a sin, others added. Twenty-three years later, Srikanth is standing tall living by his conviction that if the “world looks at me and says, Srikanth, you can do nothing, I look back at the world and say, I can do anything.” Srikanth is the Founder and CEO of Hyderabad-based Bollant Industries, an organisation that employs uneducated and challenged employees to manufacture eco-friendly, disposable consumer packaging solutions, which is worth ₹ 50 crore. He considers himself the luckiest man alive, not because he is now a millionaire but because his uneducated parents, who earned ₹ 20,000 a year, did not heed any of the ‘advice’ they received and raised him with love and affection. “They are the richest people I know,” says Srikanth. |
We can see that Srikanth has the ability to adopt, shape and select the environment. Identify the theory of intelligence that would best support our understanding of Srikanth's intelligence.
How did Charles Spearman explain the concept of intelligence?
Shamin is a spiritual leader who possesses a particular type of intelligence as explained by Howard Gardner. Identify the intelligence and give reasons for your answer.
Read the case study and answer the question that follow:
|
When Srikanth Bolla was born, neighbours in the village suggested that his parents smother him. It was better than the pain they would have to go through their lifetime, some said. He is a "useless" baby without eyes; being born blind is a sin, others added. Twenty-three years later, Srikanth is standing tall living by his conviction that if the "world looks at me and says, Srikanth, you can do nothing, I look back at the world and say, I can do anything." Srikanth is the Founder and CEO of Hyderabad-based Bollant Industries, an organisation that employs uneducated and challenged employees to manufacture eco-friendly, disposable consumer packaging solutions, which is worth ₹50 crore. He considers himself the luckiest man alive, not because he is now a millionaire but because his uneducated parents, who earned ₹20,000 a year, did not heed any of the 'advice' they received and raised him with love and affection. "They are the richest people I know," says Srikanth. |
We can see that Srikanth has the ability to adopt, shape and select the environment. Identify the theory of intelligence that would best support our understanding of Srikanth's intelligence.
Read the case study and answer the question that follows:
| When Srikanth Bolla was born, neighbours in the village suggested that his parents smother him. It was better than the pain they would have to go through their lifetime, some said. He is a "useless" baby without eyes; being born blind is a sin, others added. Twenty-three years later, Srikanth is standing tall living by his conviction that if the "world looks at me and says, Srikanth, you can do nothing, I look back at the world and say, I can do anything." Srikanth is the Founder and CEO of Hyderabad-based Bollant Industries, an organisation that employs uneducated and challenged employees to manufacture eco-friendly, disposable consumer packaging solutions, which is worth ₹50 crore. He considers himself the luckiest man alive, not because he is now a millionaire but because his uneducated parents, who earned ₹20,000 a year, did not heed any of the 'advice' they received and raised him with love and affection. "They are the richest people I know," says Srikanth. |
"Srikanth is standing tall living by his conviction that if the "world looks at me and says, 'Srikanth, you can do nothing', I look back at the world and say, I can do anything." According to Gardner's multiple theories of intelligences, which kind of intelligence explains this? Discuss this intelligence in brief.
Which psychologist proposed the Theory of Multiple Intelligence?
What is meant by creative intelligence?
Read the case study and answer the question that follows:
| When Srikanth Bolla was born, neighbours in the village suggested that his parents smother him. It was better than the pain they would have to go through their lifetime, some said. He is a "useless" baby without eyes; being born blind is a sin, others added. Twenty-three years later, Srikanth is standing tall living by his conviction that if the "world looks at me and says, Srikanth, you can do nothing, I look back at the world and say, I can do anything." Srikanth is the Founder and CEO of Hyderabad-based Bollant Industries, an organisation that employs uneducated and challenged employees to manufacture eco-friendly, disposable consumer packaging solutions, which is worth ₹ 50 crore. He considers himself the luckiest man alive, not because he is now a millionaire but because his uneducated parents, who earned ₹ 20,000 a year, did not heed any of the 'advice' they received and raised him with love and affection. "They are the richest people I know," says Srikanth. |
"Srikanth is standing tall living by his conviction that if the "world looks at me and says, 'Srikanth, you can do nothing', I look back at the world and say, I can do anything." According to Gardner's multiple theory of intelligences, which kind of intelligence explains this? Discuss this intelligence in brief.
Sheetal aims to become a Forest Range Officer as she enjoys being amongst wildlife and wants to protect them from any harm.
- Identify the type of intelligence that Sheetal possesses. Which theory of Intelligence is being indicated here? (2)
- According to the above theory of Intelligence, enumerate any two types of intelligence other than the one referred to above and any two corresponding professions. (2)
