Question

Discuss how the Constitution has ensured that the Supreme Court acts as: 

1. Custodian of the Constitution.
2. Guardian of the Fundamental Rights.
3. A Court of Records and its implication.

Answer 1

1. The Supreme Court can hear any constitutional interpretation cases directly.
   1. The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over matters regarding the legal authority of central laws.
   2. The Supreme Court evaluates the Constitution and issues ultimate decisions.
   3. It has the authority to evaluate laws passed by the Union and state legislatures.
   4. The Supreme Court can declare an act 'ultra vires' or null and void if it violates the Constitution's letter and spirit or any of its provisions. This is known as the power of judicial review.
   5. A case requiring constitutional interpretation requires a minimum of five judges.
   6. The Supreme Court can declare laws and presidential directives null and illegal if they violate the Constitution.
2. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over violations of individuals' fundamental rights and can issue writs to enforce them.
   1. Citizens with rights violated may ask the Supreme Court to enforce them.
   2. The Supreme Court can issue writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari to enforce fundamental rights.
   3. The Constitution prevents the State from enacting laws that violate fundamental rights.
   4. If this happens, the Supreme Court will declare the law null and void.
3. A Court of Records: The Supreme Court serves as the Court of Records. It prints and maintains all rulings and decrees for future reference and legal use.