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प्रश्न
Discuss in pairs or groups of four.
Replacing old machines with new is better than getting them repaired.
उत्तर
Whenever we are using an old machine, and it starts malfunctioning, we find ourselves facing an important question. Should the machine be repaired or should it be replaced?
Many a times, if the malfunctioning is on a very minimal scale, it is ignored. But if it is causing a problem, we get it repaired. An old machine had already been repaired quite a lot of times in order to maintain it and to use the same machine instead of buying a new one. But what needs to be thought of and considered, is that sometimes machines get spoilt frequently as they get old and eventually it can be seen that more money has been spent in order to repair the old machine than what was needed to buy the machine. In order to save money and to have a more efficiently and properly functioning machine, the old machine could always be replaced by a new one, thus saving the costs for the repairing of the old machine as well as increasing the efficiency of the machine.Thus, sometimes replacing old machines with new is better than getting them repaired.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the following passage and do the activities:
A1 True or False:
Rewrite the following statements and state whether they are ‘true’ or ‘false’.
(i) Mashelkar’s mother did menial work to bring him up.
(ii) Mashelkar’s father died when he was twelve.
(iii) Mashelkar was born in a very rich family.
(iv) Tatas added much value to Mashelkar’s life.
I start with my greatest guru-my mother. I was born in a very poor family and my father died when I was six. We moved to Mumbai and my mother did menial work to bring me up. Two meals a day was a tough challenge. I studied under street lights and I walked barefoot until, I think, I was twelve. I remember when I passed the seventh standard and I wanted to go into the eighth standard, our poverty was such that even to secure 21 rupees for secondary school admission became a big challenge. We had to borrow from a lady, who was a housemaid in Chaupati in Mumbai. That was the tough life I had.
In fact, I remember, my passing the SSC Examination-i.e. 11th standard. Those days it used to be not 10th standard or 12th standard but 11th standard. I stood 11th among 1,35,000 but I was about to leave higher education and find a job. What helped me was the scholarship by Sir Dorab Tata Trust. It was just 60 rupees per month and would you believe that 60 rupees per month from Tatas added so much value to my life that I have been able to stand here today before you to speak to you.
I am on the Board of Tatas now and it is very interesting that the same Bombay House where I used to go to collect that 60 rupees per month now one goes and sits there like a Director on the Board of Tata Motors. The turn that these 40 years have taken is very interesting. It has all been possible because of the chance I got to do higher studies at the insistence of my mother. She gave me the values of my life. She was one of the noblest parents I have met in my life.
So, my greatest guru was my mother. My second guru was Principal Bhave, about whom I made a mention earlier. He taught us Physics. Because it was a poor school, I remember, it had to innovate to convey to the young students the message of Science.
A2 Complete:
Complete the following sentences and write:
(i) Mashelkar was inspired by his greatest guru _______
(ii) Mashelkar studied under _______
(iii) Principal Bhave taught _______
(iv) The scholarship by _______ Trust helped him in higher education.
A3 Find the meaning:
Choose the appropriate meaning of the underlined words from the given alternatives:
(i) We moved to Mumbai and my mother did menial work.
(a) skilled
(b) hard
(c) unskilled
(d) of low status
(ii) Because it was a poor school, it had to innovate to convey to the young students the message of science.
(a) do a cheap experiment
(b) introduce new things
(c) avoid
(d) try hard
(iii) I got to do higher studies at the insistence of my mother.
(a) firm saying
(b) being inspired
(c) being inspected
(d) being instigated
(iv) That was the tough life I had.
(a) difficult
(b) soft
(c) cheap
(d) simple
A4 Match:
Match the following sentences with their tags:
| 'A' | 'B' | ||
| (i) | I stood 11th among 1,35,000 |
(a) | aren’t I? |
| (ii) | I am on the Board of Tatas | (b) | didn’t we? |
| (iii) | It was a poor school | (c) | didn’t I? |
| (iv) | We moved to Mumbai | (d) | wasn’t it? |
A5 Personal Response:
“Mother is the greatest Guru.” Discuss.
Read the following passage and do the activities:
B1 Match:
Match the areas given in Column ‘A’ with the description of Mehendi design given in Column ‘B’:
| 'A' | 'B" | ||
| (i) | North African | (a) | A mix of Indo-Pakistani and Arabic design |
| (ii) | Indian | (b) | Delicate loops and curves, paisleys, teardrops |
| (iii) | Arabic | (c) | Geometrical images |
| (iv) | South Asian | (d) | Local textiles, paintings, and architecture |
Henna comes from the leaves of the plant Lawsonia inertias. The plant grows in hot and dry climes and is native to North Africa, the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East. The leaves of the plant are dried and crushed to powder. Various additives such as coffee decoction, tea, lime juice, Mehendi and eucalyptus oil are mixed with the henna powder to increase the potency of the dry, this also helps to bind the powder to a paste-like consistency. The mixture is applied through cones in intricate patterns depending on the region of use.
Album of Patterns
Four major styles can be found in the vast dictionary of Mehendi designs. Earlier the application was restricted to hand and feet, but the adoption of Mehendi by different cultures throughout the world has seen experimentation on different body parts including the neck naval and back.
North African patterns rely on geometrical images to trace the shape of hands and feet, Arabic designs borrow heavily from local textiles, paintings, and architecture. These are more spaced out, to allow the design to stand out boldly from the skin parts left untouched by henna. The Indian style comprises of delicate loops and curves, paisleys, teardrops and flowers that give a dainty filigreed glow-like effect. Though intricate patterning is the name of the game today, this trend took off in India only during the 20th century. The patterns preferred by the South Asian countries are mixed with Indo-Pakistani and Arabic design schemes. Chinese and Celtic symbols now find a place in the vast repertoire of Mehendi designs as well.
B2 Complete:
Complete the following and write:
(i) The procedure before applying henna _______
(ii) The reasons for using additives _______
(iii) The suitable climatic conditions for the henna plant _______
(iv) Mehendi is used on _______
B3 Find words:
Look at the following description and find out proper words from the passage and write:
(i) Existing naturally in the place : - n _______
(ii) Consist of something: - c _______
(iii) Delicate decoration made from gold, silver and copper wire: - f _______
(iv) Substance that is added in small quantity : - a _______
B4 Language study:
Fill in the blanks with suitable subordinators given in the box:
| as well as, so that, however, which |
(i) The mixture is applied through cones in intricate patterns _______ depend on the region of use.
(ii) The intricate pattern is the name of the game of today _______, this trend took off in India, recently.
(iii) North African pattern relies on geometrical images ______ they can trace the shape of hands and feet.
(iv) The patterns preferred by the South Asian countries are mixed with Indo-Pakistani _______ Arabic design schemes.
B5 Personal Response:
Which Mehendi design do you like? Why?
What do you think is the message that the author seems to convey through the story?
Examine the communication channels in the story between Paul's mother and his uncle.
Read the following statement and mark those that apply to you.
I have cordial relationships with all but I cannot connect with anyone.
How do stories/biographies of such famous people help youngsters?
Discuss in groups and share with one another.
How your family relaxes on weekends.
Go through the poem and state whether the following statement is true or false.
Planners are concerned about the environment of the area.
Go through the text again to understand the important features of blogs. Discuss various blogs and their features with your friends.
A blog helps us to express our - ___________.
- Feelings
- _________
- _________
- _________
Read the story aloud (or present it) in groups of three - the narrator, the peacock, and the crane.
Write a short note on the following:
The living world on Rakata
Write a conversation between a donkey and a horse.
Link the items in the three columns properly.
| A | B | C |
| The past | A sea beneath a cloudless sun | A pleasant time which has ended |
| The present hour | A soft and mild autumn evening | An exciting, thrilling time which has no end. |
| The future | A green and flowery spray Where a young bird sits | A time, full of life in which you gather strength |
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage.
It is believed that _________ Homer, who __________ and who ________ to all who __________________.
Colour, sound, and images from nature add to the beauty of a poem: 'Tartary' is a perfect example of the above. Pick outlines that contain –
- Colour
- Sound
- Images from nature
Put the following events in proper order.
- Holmes and others go to the bank.
- Clay digs a tunnel.
- Ross closes the office of the 'Red-headed League'.
- Holmes catches the criminal Clay.
- Clay and Ross enter the cellar to steal the gold.
- The bank received a lot of gold from the Bank of France.
- Holmes visits the area around Mr. Wilson’s shop.
Read the following pieces from the story and suggest a title for each as shown in the 1st one.
| From | Up to | Title | |
| 1. | It was a hot afternoon ______ | ______ said the aunt weakly. | ‘Children Pester their Aunt’ |
| 2. | The smaller girl created a diversion ______ | ______ likely to lose his bet. | ______ |
| 3. | In a low confidential voice ______ | ______ it was so stupid,” said Cyril. | ______ |
| 4. | She (Bertha) did all that she was told ______ | ______ must be an extra good child. | ______ |
| 5. | The storyteller paused to let ______ | ______ popular tunes of the day. | ______ |
| 6. | Bertha was trembling very much ______ | ______ the three medals for goodness ______ | ______ |
Describe the following in one or two lines.
The world around the bird’s nest.
Who is a ‘netizen’?
What part did Anne Sullivan play in Helen’s life?
drenched – thoroughly wet
He is drenched to the skin. ______
When the author returned from England to Dehradun, he found Grandfather's dream had come true because the______.
Identify the speaker/character.
He felt something moving along his body almost up to his chin.
| Mr. Murugan is a farmer. He has a small piece of land and two bulls. He takes good care of his bulls as they help him in farming. Every morning, he takes the bulls for grazing. When it rains he ploughs the land with the bulls. As he has no one to help he starts sowing the seed before sunrise. He irrigates the crop till it grows. He reaps and binds the crop then takes it to thrash the paddy. Finally, with the help of the bulls, he takes the paddy to his house. |
Name the actions of Murugan.
 |
|
 |
|
 |
Circle and write the adverbs.
I drink coffee thrice a day. ______
Miss Malliga teaches _______.
The goose is swimming with its ______.
How does she move the brush?
What was the truth finally learned by Chris?
Read the extract and complete the activities given below:
|
"I don't believe in taking the right decisions. I take decisions, I take decisions and then make them right:' One of them make them right. One of Ratan Tata's inspiring words which made me dream beyond shadows. I feel fortunate that I discovered him in the early stage of my life and now I am using his teachings to mould my future the way I want. Even though Ratan Tata was born into a very posh family in India, he never took money and power for granted. He graduated from Riverdale country from New York, Ratan Tata began his career in the Tata Group working on the shop floor of Tata Steel. After working for almost 10 years he was appointed as the director-in-charge of the National Radio and Electronics Company Limited (NELCO) in order to help its struggling finances. He worked hard to build a better consumer electronics division but the economic recession and union strikes prevented him from achieving success and this success helped Tata to be appointed as the chairman of the Tata Group of companies. He started with a very basic job in his father's company and today he owns a billion dollar company. The tag of greatness does not come without making any sacrifices and this tag on Ratan Tata suits to its best. Tata group launched its passenger car Tata Indica in the year 1998 but Tata Indica was a failure in its first year and the experiment seemed to be failing. Many people started advising Ratan Tata that he should sell the passenger car business. Ratan Tata also agreed to this and a proposal was given to Ford. they showed interest too. The three-hour meeting at Ford headquarters in Detroit, chairman of Ford (Bill Ford) said to Ratan Tata, "Why did you enter in the passenger car business when you were not knowing of it. It will be a favour if we buy this business from you." Ratan Tata decided to move back home. Whi le travelling he was very tense as the feeling of being insulted was on his mind. After earlier failures, Tata Motors did well with its business of passenger cars but in the same period, Ford did very bad. In 2008 when Ford was on it way of bankruptcy, Tata Group offered Ford to buy its luxury car brand, Jaguar Land Rover. Ford arrived in Mumbai for the meeting. In the meeting, Bill Ford said to Ratan Tata, you are doing a big favour for us by buying-Jaguar-Land Rover is now owned by Tata Group and is currently making profits. |
A1. Rewrite the following sentences as per their occurrence in the extract: (2)
- He was appointed as the Director-in-charge of the National Radio and Electronics Company Limited.
- Tata Group launched its passenger car 'Tata Indica in the year 1998.
- Billi Ford said to Ratan Tata, "You are doing a big favour for us by buying Jaguar-Land Rover."
- He graduated from Riverdale country from New York.
A2. Explain: (2)
The writer says, "I don't believe in taking right decisions. I take decisions and then make them right."
A3. Give reasons: (2)
Ratan Tata decided to sell his passenger car business.
A4. Personal Response: (2)
Right decision at the right time is important success. Express your opinion.
A5. Grammar: (2)
Do as directed:
- He worked hard building a better consumer electronics division.
(Rewrite the sentence using the infinitive form of the underlined word) - Tata Group launched the passenger car Tata Indica.
(Rewrite it beginning with 'The passenger car Tata Indica......')
A6. Vocabulary:
Give antonyms.
- Profit × ______
- Prevent × ______
