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प्रश्न
Discuss the process of translation in detail.
उत्तर
It is the process of polymerizing amino acid to form a polypeptide chain. The triplet sequence of base pairs in mRNA defines the order and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
This process involves 3 steps.
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination. During the initiation, tRNA gets charged when the aminoacid binds to using ATP. The start codon (AUG) present on mRNA is recognized only by the charged tRNA. The ribosome acts as an actual site for the process of translation and contains two separate sites in a large subunit for the attachment of subsequent aminoacid. The small subunit of ribosome binds to mRNA at the initiation codon (AUG) followed by the large subunit. Then, it initiates the process of translation. During the elongation process, the ribosome moves one codon downstream along with mRNA so as to leave the space for binding of another charged tRNA. The aminoacid brought by tRNA gets linked with the previous aminoacid through a peptide bond and this process continues resulting in the formation of a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches one or more STOP codon (UAA, UAG and UGA), the process of translation gets terminated. The polypeptide chain is released and ribosomes get detached from mRNA.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Give an example of a codon having dual function.
Answer the following question.
State the importance of a Genetic code in protein biosynthesis.
Differentiate between the genetic codes given below:
Unambiguous and Universal
Name the anticodon required to recognize the following codon: AAU.
Name the anticodon required to recognize the following codon: CGA
Name the anticodon required to recognize the following codon: UAU
One of the following is true with respect to AUG.
Genetic code is ______.
Frame shift mutation occurs when ______.
Khorana first deciphered the triplet codons of ______.
The change of the light coloured variety of peppered moth (Biston betularia) to its darker variety (Biston carbonarid) is due to ______.
Amino acids which are specified by single codons are ______.
Select the incorrectly matched pair.
Which of the following organ is essential for photorespiration?
Percentage of mitochondrial DNA in the cell is:
Genetic code translates the language of:
What would happen if in a gene encoding a polypeptide of so amino acid 25th (UAC) is match to UAA?
George Gamow suggested that each codon coding for an amino acid consists of ______
Which amino acid is determined by four genetic codes?
Frame shift mutations are caused by ______.
Statement I: The codon ‘AUG’ codes for methionine and phenylalanine.
Statement II: ‘AAA’ and ‘AAG’ both codons code for the amino acid lysine.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Statement I:
The codon ‘AUG’ codes for methionine and phenylalanine.
Statement II:
‘AAA’ and ‘AAG’ are both codons that code for the amino acid lysine.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Based on your understanding of genetic code, explain the formation of any abnormal hemoglobin molecule. What are the known consequences of such a change?
A single base mutation in a gene may not ‘always’ result in loss or gain of function. Do you think the statement is correct? Defend your answer.
There is only one possible sequence of amino acids when deduced from a given nucleotides. But multiple nucleotides sequence can be deduced from a single amino acid sequence. Explain this phenomena.
