Question

Discuss the role of caste in Indian politics.

Briefly explain any two ways in which caste plays a role in Indian politics.

Answer 1

The caste system plays a significant role in Indian politics. It helps in the direction of political socialisation, political mobilisation, and institutionalisation. Various policies and programmes of political parties are made on the basis of caste. Even the positions within a political party are determined on the basis of caste. Caste plays a vital role in elections, as people select their candidates on the basis of caste.

Hence, caste is encashed by the leaders for the vote bank. Caste also plays the role of pressure group in the arena of politics, as political bargaining is also based on caste. The administration is also influenced by caste, as appointments, postings and transfers are also influenced by caste. Even the officials carry out their administrative decisions keeping in mind caste considerations.

Answer 2

Caste remains a significant influence on social and political life in India. Political parties and their leaders continue to use the caste system to rally popular support and secure votes. Casteism and related concerns continue to pose a significant barrier to Indian democracy.

1. Caste and political socialism: Different caste groupings identify with specific political parties and ideologies. 'Caste values' and 'caste interests' influence socialisation, which affects people's political thinking and perceptions. This includes offering policies beneficial to specific castes or engaging in caste-based campaigns.
2. Caste and leadership recruitment: The caste structure influences the process of leadership recruitment. For example, in Haryana, leaders are typically Jats, Bishnois or Brahmins.
3. Caste and party politics: Caste is an essential component of Indian party politics. Some political parties strategically target various castes to obtain votes during elections. The caste system has a significant impact on and is dependent upon certain regional parties.