Question

Explain ETS.

Answer 1

1. A group of coenzymes and cytochromes that assist in moving electrons from a chemical to its final acceptor is known as an electron transport chain or system, or ETS. The electron transport chain involves reduced coenzymes.
2. On the mitochondrial cristae, which are composed of oxysomes (F₀-F₁ particles) on the inner surface of the membrane, electron transport occurs. NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) oxidises NADH produced during the citric acid cycle and glycolysis, and the electrons are then transferred to ubiquinone. Additionally, succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) of FADH₂ provides ubiquinone with reducing equivalents.
3. After that, the reduced ubiquinone is oxidised through the transfer of cytochrome c electrons through the cytochrome bc₁ complex (complex III). The mobile carrier that connects complex III and complex IV is cytochrome c.
4. The term "Complex IV" describes the cytochrome c oxidase complex, which is made up of two copper centres, cytochromes a and a₃. The electrons are connected to ATP synthetase (complex V) for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi when they are transferred over the carriers via complex I to IV in the electron transport chain.
5. As the final electron acceptor, oxygen is reduced to water with the help of hydrogen atoms. Reduced coenzymes, such as coenzymes I, II, and FAD, do not immediately react with molecules 0 2; instead, their hydrogen or electrons are transmitted via a variety of substances before arriving at 0 2. These compounds are known as electron carriers.
6. Cytomes a and a₃ together form a system known as cytochrome oxidase. Only electrons are passed by cytochromes and (Cyt b, Cyt c₁, c₂, a, a₃) ultimately reach molecular 0. In addition to iron, Cyt a₃ also contains copper.
7. In order to create a water molecule, the protons that were released into the surrounding medium are now taken up by the molecular oxygen that has accepted electrons. The energy that has been released is used to create ATP from ADP and Pi.