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Explain Ionic Solids Are Hard and Brittle. - Chemistry

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प्रश्न

Explain Ionic solids are hard and brittle.

Ionic solids are hard and brittle. Explain

उत्तर १

The constituent particles of ionic crystals are ions. These ions are held together in three-dimensional arrangements by the electrostatic force of attraction. Since the electrostatic force of attraction is very strong, the charged ions are held in fixed positions. This is the reason why ionic crystals are hard and brittle.

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उत्तर २

Ionic solids are hard and brittle.Ionic solids are hard due to the presence of strong electrostatic forces of attraction. The brittleness in ionic crystals is due to the non- directional bonds in them.

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अध्याय 1: The Solid State - Exercises [पृष्ठ ३१]

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एनसीईआरटी Chemistry [English] Class 12
अध्याय 1 The Solid State
Exercises | Q 9.2 | पृष्ठ ३१

संबंधित प्रश्न

The major binding force in diamond is_______________ .

(a) Covalent bond                                                  

(b)  Ionic bond

(c) Metallic bond                                                   

(d)  Co-ordinate covalent bond


What is the covalency of nitrogen in N2O5?


What type of solids are electrical conductors, malleable and ductile?


Explain The basis of similarities and differences between metallic and ionic crystals.


Copper crystallises into a fcc lattice with edge length 3.61 × 10−8 cm. Show that the calculated density is in agreement with its measured value of 8.92 g cm−3.


An ionic compound crystallises in FCC type structure with ‘A’ ions at the centre of each face and ‘B’ ions occupying corners of the cube. The formula of compound is _______.


Classify the following solids into different types:

a. Ammonium phosphate

b. Brass

c. S8 molecule

d. Diamond


Distinguish between crystalline solids and amorsphous solids.


Classify the following molecular solids into different types: 

  1. HCl
  2. CO2
  3. Solid ice
  4. SO2

Account for the following : 

o-nitrophenol is more steam volatile than p-nitrophenol.  


Answer the following in one or two sentences.

What are the types of particles in each of the four main classes of crystalline solids?


Answer the following in brief.

Distinguish between ionic solids and molecular solids


A compound is made up of two elements X and Y and crystallizes in bcc structure. Atoms of X are present at the corners of the cube. Atoms of Y are present at the centre of the cube. The formula of the compound is ______.


Sodium crystallizes in bcc structure. If the edge length of unit cell is 4.3 × 10-8 cm, the radius of Na atom is ______.


Classify the following solid:

Pb


Graphite and diamond are ____________.


Solid CO2 is an example of ____________.


Assertion: monoclinic sulphur is an example of a monoclinic crystal system

Reason: for a monoclinic system, a ≠ b ≠ c and α = γ = 90°, β ≠ 90°


Classify the following solid.

Brass


Classify the following solid.

Diamond


Classify the following solid.

NaCl


Classify the following solid.

Iodine


If NaCl is doped with 10−2 mol percentage of strontium chloride, what is the concentration of cation vacancy?


Which of the following is an example of molecular solid?


Which of the following is TRUE about molecular solids?


____________ is an example of molecular crystal.


Dry ice is an example of ____________.


Which among the following is not true for crystalline solid?


Brass is an example of ____________.


Solid X is a very hard electrical insulator in solid as well as in molten state. It melts at extremely high temperature. Solid X is a ____________.


Nature of binding forces present in carbon dioxide molecules in solid state are ____________.


Order of increasing melting points among H2O(s), C(s), CS2 and Sn is ____________.


Ionization enthalpy is lowest in ____________.


Which among the following is an example of non-polar molecule?


MgO has the structure of NaCl. The coordination number of the ions in MgO is ____________.


The hardest substance among the following is:


An AB2 type structure is found in ____________.


The compound, found in nature in gas phase but ionic in solid state is ____________.


An example of a covalent crystalline solid is ____________.


Among solids, the highest melting point is exhibited by ____________.


Which of the following exists as covalent crystals in the solid state?


In graphite electrons are ____________.


Which of the following is a network solid?


Iodine molecules are held in the crystals lattice by ______.


Which of the following cannot be regarded as molecular solid?

(i) SiC (Silicon carbide)

(ii) AlN

(iii) Diamond

(iv) I2


How many chloride ions are surrounding sodium ions in sodium chloride crystal?


An excess of potassium ions makes KCl crystals appear violet or lilac in colour since:

(i) some of the anionic sites are occupied by an unpaired electron.

(ii) some of the anionic sites are occupied by a pair of electrons.

(iii) there are vacancies at some anionic sites.

(iv) F-centres are created which impart colour to the crystals.


Which of the following cannot be regarded as molecular solid?

(i) SiC (Silicon carbide)

(ii) AlN

(iii) Diamond

(iv) I2 


Who introduced the term covalent bond?


The covalent bond length is the shortest in which one of the following bonds?


Calculate the angle at which first order reflection will occurs in an X-ray spectrometer when x ~ rays of wavelength \[\ce{1.54 \overset{\circ}{A}}\] are diffracted by the atoms of a crystal given that inter planer distance is \[\ce{0.04 \overset{\circ}{A}}\]


The major binding force in diamond, silicon and quartz is ______.


A reddish-pink substance on heating gives off a vapour which condenses on the sides of the test tube and the substance turns blue. If on cooling water is added to the residue it turns to original colour. The substance is ______.


Among the following which is the best description of water in the solid phase?


Which of the following is not correct?


Graphite is a ______.


Mention the res of the following solid:

Ice


Mention the res of the following solid:

CO2


Quartz is which type of crystal?


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