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प्रश्न
How is biotechnology useful for human health? Explain with an example.
उत्तर
- Diagnosis and treatment of diseases are the two important aspects of human health management where biotechnology plays an important role.
- Diagnosis: Biotechnology helps to identify the role of genes in the disease of a person. Diagnosis of diabetes and heart diseases has become possible even before the onset of symptoms, with the help of biotechnology. Diagnosis of the diseases like AIDS, dengue can be done within few minutes.
- Therapy: Biotechnology is useful for the production of hormones like insulin, somatotropin and blood clotting factors.
- Vaccines and vaccination: Biotechnology has led to the development of safer vaccines which make use of only antigens rather than the complete pathogen. Edible vaccines are also being developed with the help of biotechnology.
- Interferons: Biotechnology is used to produce interferons from transgenic E. coli, that are useful for the treatment of viral diseases.
- Gene therapy: Gene therapy to treat genetic disorders in somatic cells has become possible due to biotechnology.
- Therapeutic Cloning: Stem cells can be derived from the cell formed in the laboratory by the union of the somatic cell nucleus with the enucleated egg cell. Various diseases can be treated with the help of these stem cells.
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Read the following paragraph and write the answers to the questions based on them.
Vaccination gives either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Traditionally, vaccines were prepared with the help of pathogens. Completely or partially killed pathogens were used as vaccines. However, due to this, there were chances of contracting the disease in case of some persons. Hence, as an alternative, scientists tried to artificially produce vaccines with the help of biotechnology. For this purpose, scientists produced the antigen in the laboratory with the help of genes isolated from the pathogen and used it as a vaccine. Thus, safer vaccines are being produced. Work on production of edible vaccines is in progress and presently, potatoes are being produced with the help of biotechnology. These potatoes are called transgenic potatoes. These potatoes will act against bacteria like Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli. Consumption of these raw potatoes generates immunity against pathogens. For the production of such edible vaccines, antigens are produced by isolating the desired gene from human pathogens and injecting it into plants.
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- Why are vaccines produced with the help of biotechnology safer than conventional vaccines?
- How does the immune system respond to vaccination?
- What is the disadvantage of transgenic potatoes?
- Why is vaccination more beneficial than antibiotics?
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