Question

1. Name a commercially important carbon compound having functional group - OH and write its molecular formula.
2. Write chemical equation to show its reaction with
   1. Sodium metal
   2. Excess conc. sulphuric acid
   3. Ethanoic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst
   4. Acidified potassium dichromate
      Also write the name of the product formed in each case.

Answer 1

1. The carbon compound having the functional group - OH is ethanol.
   Molecular formula: \[\ce{C2H5OH}\]
2.    
   1. \[\ce{C2H5OH + Na → C2H5ONa + H2}\]
      End product: sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas
      
   2. \[\ce{C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O}\]
      End product: ethene (ethylene) gas \[\ce{(C2H4)}\] and water \[\ce{(H2O)}\]
   3. \[\ce{C2H5OH + CH3COOH → C2H5COOCH3 + H2O}\]
      End product: ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) and water
   4. \[\ce{C2H5OH + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → CH3CHO + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O}\]
      End product: Ethanal (acetaldehyde) and chromium(III) sulphate \[\ce{Cr2(SO4)3}\]