Question

India has one of the most comprehensive constitutions in the world. Discuss any four of its salient features.

Answer 1

Four salient features of Indian constitution are as follow:

1. Longest written Constitution: The Indian Constitution is the world's longest written constitution. The Constitution explains the laws in detail through many Articles that are separated into Parts and Schedules. It includes several adjustments to accommodate the diverse demands of its inhabitants.
2. Self-made and enacted constitution: The Indian Constitution was drafted by the people of India through their duly elected and representative body, the Constituent Assembly, which was established in December 1946. It is properly passed following an extensive discussion of its objectives, concepts, and provisions.
3. Preamble of the Constitution: The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is a well-written piece that explains the constitution's concept. It declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republican and welfare state dedicated to ensuring justice, liberty and equality for all people in order to promote fraternity, individual dignity and national unity and integrity. The Preamble is the key to the Constitution. It summarises the nature of the Indian state and the goals it is committed to achieving for its people.
4. Federal structure and a Unitary Spirit: The Constitution describes India as a Union of States, but it also calls for a federal structure with a unitary spirit. Like a federation, the Indian Constitution provides for
   1. a division of power between the centre and the states.
   2. a written and rigid constitution;
   3. the supremacy of the Constitution;
   4. an independent judiciary with the authority to resolve Central State disputes over power division; and
   5. bicameralism. The Constitution, on the other hand, clearly shows the unitary ethos by establishing a strong central government, a common constitution, single citizenship, emergency measures, a common Election Commission, a common all-India service and so on. The mix of federalism and unitarianism was done with the pluralistic nature of Indian society in mind, as well as the presence of regional variety and the necessity to ensure the nation's unity and integrity.