Question

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

The city of Mumbai is built on seven islands. There was a time when streams flowed across different parts of the city, separating one island from another. There was an abundance of green fields and arid marshlands. The beaches were clean and beautiful. Over the years, due to an increase in population and scarcity of land, these areas have been used for constructing roads and buildings. This has affected · the city's ecology and biodiversity and has led to many environmental problems.

1. "Over the years, due to an increase in population and scarcity of land, these areas have been used for constructing roads and buildings." Which aspect of development does this refer to?
2. Discuss any four sources of Social Change.
3. With reference to the passage, suggest how a city's ecological balance can be maintained.

Answer 1

1. Urbanization is the facet of development that this statement alludes to. Natural areas like green fields and marshlands were turned into urban spaces as the city's population grew and the demand for land rose. This resulted in a loss of biodiversity and an increase in environmental issues.
2. There are several sources of social change, including:
   1. Technological developments: From the Industrial Revolution to the digital age, the creation and acceptance of new technologies have the potential to cause profound social change.
   2. Cultural diffusion: Cultural change can result from the exchange of cultural norms, values, and ideas among various societies.
   3. Political movements: Like the feminist movement and the civil rights movement, these social and political movements have the power to alter institutions, laws, and policies.
   4. Economic changes: Social structures and relationships can be significantly impacted by economic trends like industrialization, automation, and globalization.
3. To maintain a city's ecological balance, several measures can be taken:
   1. Conservation of natural areas: To preserve biodiversity and ecological balance, it's critical to safeguard and conserve natural areas like wetlands, forests, and green spaces.
   2. Sustainable development: Green roofs, permeable pavements, and rainwater collection are examples of environmentally friendly features that should be included in urban development plans.
   3. Pollution control: Aims should be set to lower pollution levels, which include water pollution from sewage and waste disposal as well as air pollution from industry and automobiles.
   4. Public awareness: Educating and raising citizens' awareness of the value of preserving the environment and biodiversity is crucial, as is motivating them to take action by reducing waste, recycling, and conserving resources.