Question

Study the pictures given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. Identify the persons 'A' and 'B' given above. To which section of the Congress did each belong and what were their ultimate objectives?
2. Highlight three different methods of struggle adopted by each section of the Congress.
3. State two contributions of persons 'A' and 'B' to the freedom struggle.

Answer 1

1. The picture 'A' shows Dadabhai Naoroji and the picture 'B' shows Lala Lajpat Rai. Dadabhai Naoroji was part of the Early Nationalists in the Congress, and Lala Lajpat Rai was part of the Assertive Nationalists. Dadabhai Naoroji wanted to achieve self-government and worked for autonomy within the British Empire, not complete independence. On the other hand, Lala Lajpat Rai aimed for complete independence, or Swaraj.
2. 
   

   Early Nationalists	Assertive Nationalists
   The Early Nationalists wanted to achieve self-government and they strove for autonomy within the Empire and not for absolute independence.	The Assertive Nationalists aimed at nothing short of Swaraj as it existed in the United Kingdom.
   They believed in constitutional methods and worked within the framework of the law.	They were assertive in their approach.
   They held good positions and ruled under the British government.	They denounced British and defied it.
   They had faith in the British sense of justice and fair play.	They rejected British rule and held responsible for the poverty of the Indian people.
   They received their support from the intelligentsia.	They drew their support from the masses.

3. • Two contributions of Dadabhai Naoroji in the freedom struggle are:
     1. India's Unofficial Ambassador: Dadabhai Naoroji spent much of his life in England advocating for India's cause. He founded the London India Society and the East India Association in London to promote India's interests in Britain.
     2. Exposed India's Economic Problems: Through his works like Poverty and Un-British Rule in India and his famous "Drain Theory," he showed how India's wealth was being drained to England in various ways.
   • Two contributions of Lala Lajpat Rai in the freedom struggle are:
     1. An Educationalist and Writer: Lala Lajpat Rai was a prolific writer. While in the USA, he started a monthly magazine called Young India to spread the message of India's right to Swaraj. His publications include The Call to Young India, England's Debt to India, and The Political Future of India.
     2. A Social Reformer: He was associated with the Arya Samaj Movement and played a key role in expanding the D.A.V. College in Lahore in 1886.