Question

Study the steps shown below, that are carried during a specific technique:

1. Identify the steps ‘A’ and ‘D’ in the diagram.
2. What does ‘B’ represent?
3. Write what is ‘C’? Name its source organism.
4. Mention the use of this technique in molecular diagnostics.

Answer 1

1. A: Denaturation
   D: Extension
2. B represents primer
3. C is Taq polymerase. Taq polymerase was called after the thermophilic eubacterial bacterium Thermus aquaticus. It is a thermostable DNA polymerase.
4. 1. First, PCR is used to detect pathogens in clinical samples, allowing for the rapid and sensitive identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. This facilitates the rapid identification of infectious disorders such as COVID-19, HIV, and tuberculosis.
   2. Second, PCR is used in genetic testing to help detect genetic variants associated with hereditary problems or vulnerability to diseases such as cancer. This enables early intervention and tailored treatment options.
   3. Third, PCR is used in forensic analysis by amplifying trace amounts of DNA from crime scenes to establish identities or familial relationships critical for legal investigations.