Question

Read the following source and answer the questions that follow:

The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930 “We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We also believe that if any government deprives people of these rights and oppresses them, the people have a further right to alter it or abolish it. The British Government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence.”

1. Why was Swaraj considered as an inalienable right of the India?    [1]
2. Which type of government is supported in the source?    [1]
3. Explain any two effects of British rule in India.    [2]

Answer 1

1. Swaraj (self-rule) was considered an inalienable right because:
   1. It ensured freedom and dignity for Indians.
   2. It was necessary to enjoy the fruits of their labor and life.
   3.  The British government exploited Indians economically, politically, and culturally, justifying the need for complete independence.
2. Democratic Government
   1. Explanation:
      • The pledge supports a representative democracy where people have rights and freedoms.
      • The text condemns the oppressive British rule and calls for self-rule (Swaraj).
3. Two major effects of British rule:
   1. Economic Drainage: India’s wealth was exploited to benefit Britain, leading to poverty.
   2. Destruction of Indian Industries: Traditional industries (handloom, textiles) declined due to British policies favoring imports.