Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
What are the major issues of concern to Adivasis today?
What are the major concerns for the Adivasis today?
उत्तर
The Independence of India in 1947 should have made life easier for Adivasis but this was not the case. Firstly, the government monopoly over forests continued. If anything, the exploitation of forests accelerated. Secondly, the policy of capital-intensive industrialisation adopted by the Indian government required mineral resources and power-generation capacities which were concentrated in Adivasi areas. Adivasi lands were rapidly acquired for new mining and dam projects. In the process, millions of Adivasis were displaced without any appropriate compensation or rehabilitation. Justified in the name of ‘national development’ and ‘economic growth’, these policies were also a form of internal colonialism, subjugating Adivasis and alienating the resources upon which they depended. Projects such as the Sardar Sarovar dam on the river Narmada in western India and the Polavaram dam on the river Godavari in Andhra Pradesh displace hundreds of thousands of Adivasis, driving them to greater destitution. These processes continue to prevail and have become even more powerful since the 1990s when economic liberalisation policies were officially adopted by the Indian government. It is now easier for corporate firms to acquire large areas of land by displacing Adivasis. In spite of the heavy odds against them and in the face of their marginalisation many tribal groups have been waging struggles against outsiders (called ‘dikus’) and the state. In post-Independence India, the most significant achievements of Adivasi movements include the attainment of statehood for Jharkhand and Chattisgarh, which were originally part of Bihar and Madhya Pradesh respectively.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Describe some of the policies designed to address caste inequality.
____________ was the founder of Satyashodak Samaj having its primary emphasis on “truth-seeking”.
The Jana or tribes are believed to be people of the ____________.
People do not face discrimination and exclusion on the basis of:
Prolonged experience of discriminatory or insulting behaviour often produces a reaction on the part of the excluded who then stop trying for inclusion. In this context choose the incorrect statement.
| Strictly speaking, the ‘untouchable’ castes are outside the caste hierarchy – they are considered to be so ‘impure’ that their mere touch severely pollutes members of all other castes, bringing terrible punishment for the former and forcing the latter to perform elaborate purification rituals. In fact, notions of ‘distance pollution’ existed in many regions of India (particularly in the south) such that even the mere presence or the shadow of an ‘untouchable’ person is considered polluting. |
Despite the limited literal meaning of the word, the institution of ‘untouchability’ refers not just to the avoidance or prohibition of physical contact but to a much broader set of social sanctions. Which of the following is not such a sanction?
| Strictly speaking, the ‘untouchable’ castes are outside the caste hierarchy – they are considered to be so ‘impure’ that their mere touch severely pollutes members of all other castes, bringing terrible punishment for the former and forcing the latter to perform elaborate purification rituals. In fact, notions of ‘distance pollution’ existed in many regions of India (particularly in the south) such that even the mere presence or the shadow of an ‘untouchable’ person is considered polluting. |
As per the understanding of distance pollution from the given passage, which of the following qualify as sources of distance pollution?
I. Mere presence
II. Shadow
III. Pollution associated with women during menstruation
IV. Ceremonial pollution associated with death
Assertions of tribal identity are on the rise. This can be laid at the door of the emergence of a middle class within the tribal society. With the emergence of this class, in particular, issues of culture, tradition, livelihood, even control over land and resources, as well as demands for a share in the benefits of the projects of modernity, have become an integral part of the articulation of identity among the tribes. There is, therefore, a new consciousness among tribes now, coming from its middle classes. The middle classes themselves are a consequence of modern education and modern occupations, aided in turn by the reservation policies.
The reasons for asserting tribal identity for the uneducated and poor Adivasis and the middle classes among the tribes are the same. Mark the statement as true or false.
Assertions of tribal identity are on the rise. This can be laid at the door of the emergence of a middle class within the tribal society. With the emergence of this class, in particular, issues of culture, tradition, livelihood, even control over land and resources, as well as demands for a share in the benefits of the projects of modernity, have become an integral part of the articulation of identity among the tribes. There is, therefore, a new consciousness among tribes now, coming from its middle classes. The middle classes themselves are a consequence of modern education and modern occupations, aided in turn by the reservation policies.
States like Jharkhand and Chattisgarh have made full use of their statehood as a result of the tribal movement. Mark the statement as true or false.
Which of the following is true regarding discrimination?
Prejudices are often grounded in what?
Which caste was not supposed to a mass wealth?
What is the mere presence or shadow of an untouchable person considered to be?
Who appointed a commission to look into measures for the welfare of the OBCs?
When did the first backward classes commission submit its report?
It means an opinion formed in advance of any familiarity with the subject before considering any available evidence.
Identify the process of adopting the culture traits or social patterns of another group by the tribal people.
The All-India Muslim Ladies Conference (Anjuman-E-Khawatn-E-Islam) was founded in the year
Who was known as the Father of Indian Renaissance?
Read the passage given and answer the question:
| The following observations were made by G.B. Pant during a speech that moved the constitution of the Advisory Committee on fundamental rights, minorities, etc. "We have to take particular care of the Depressed Classes, the Scheduled Castes, and the Backward Classes ...we must do all we can to bring them up to the general level..the strength of the chain is measured by the weakest link of it and so until every link is fully revitalised, we will not have a healthy body politic. Recent years have seen renewed debate about the States' decisions on reservation to this section." |
- Based on the passage above, who are referred to as the weakest link of the society?
- Why should and how can this weakest link be fully revitalised?
- Define 'Secularisation of caste'
