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प्रश्न
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle? Indicate the changes in the ovary and uterus.
उत्तर
The four phases of the menstrual cycle are:
- Menstrual or Destructive phase
- Follicular or Proliferative phase
- Ovulatory phase
- Luteal or secretory phase.
Events of the menstrual cycle and changes in the ovary and changes in the uterus.
| Phase | Days | Changes in Ovary | Changes in Uterus | Hormonal changes |
| Menstrual phase | 4 – 5 days | Development of primary follicles. | Breakdown of uterine endometrial lining leads to bleeding. | The decrease in progesterone and estrogen. |
| Follicular phase | 6th – 13th day |
Primary follicles grow to become fully mature Graafian follicles. | Endometrium regenerates through proliferation. | FSH and Oestrogen increase. |
| Ovulatory phase | 14th day | The Graafian follicle ruptures, and releases the ovum (egg). | Increase in endometrial thickness. | LH peak. |
| Luteal phase | 15th – 28th day | Emptied Graafian follicle develops into corpus luteum. | The endometrium is prepared for implantation if fertilization of the egg takes place if fertilization does not occur corpus luteum degenerates, uterine wall ruptures, bleeding starts, an unfertilized egg is expelled. | LH and FSH decrease, Corpus luteum produces progesterone, and its level increases followed by a decline if menstrual bleeding occurs. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
The human female gonads are ovaries. A maturing egg in the ovary is present in a sac of cells called ______ (1). As the egg grows larger, the follicle enlarges and gets filled with a fluid and is now called the ______ (2) follicle. The process of releasing the egg from the ovary is called ______ (3). The ovum is picked up by the oviducal funnel and fertilization takes place in the ______ (4). In about a weak the blastocyst gets fixed in the endometrium of the uterus and this process is called ______ (5).
State the names of four hormones which control menstrual cycle.
Write the answers to the following questions by observing the figure below.
- What does the figure above show?
- Which organs are involved in this process?
- Which hormones are involved in this process?
- After how many days do these changes happen again?
- Explain your opinion about the statement that a woman's body is impure while the above process is going on.
Match the Columns.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Proliferative phase | a. | Breakdown of the endometrial lining |
| ii. | Secretory phase | b. | Follicular phase |
| iii. | Menstruation | c. | Luteal phase |
A human female reaches menopause aroung the age of ______.
A biology student after studying the different levels of hormones during the menstrual cycle was comparing 2 subjects (Patients). A table was created after looking at the levels of hormones A and B for Subjects 1 and 2. Read the information in the table and answer the question that follows.
| HORMONE A | HORMONE B | |
| Subject 1 | Shows a peak on the 14th Day of the menstrual cycle. | Falls down during the luteal phase. |
| Subject 2 | Shows a peak on the 14th Day of the menstrual cycle. | The level is maintained high in the luteal phase. |
The peak observed in Subject 1 and 2 is due to ______
In case the ova does not fertilize, which of the following events will take place?
The secretory phase in the human menstrual cycle is also called:
What are the events taking place in the ovary and uterus during follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
Answer the following questions by observing the diagram of menstrual cycle:
- What is the period of menstruation?
- On which day does ovulation occur during the menstrual cycle?
- In the menstrual cycle which reproductive organs undergo changes?
- Which period is said to be the period of regeneration of endometrium?
- Which period is said to be the period of secretions of glands in endometrium?
