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प्रश्न
Write a short note.
Functional groups in carbon compounds
उत्तर
- Many more types of carbon compounds are formed by formation of bonds of carbon with other elements such as halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur.
- The atoms of these elements (hetero atoms) substitute one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain and thereby the tetravalency of carbon is satisfied.
- The compound acquire specific chemical properties due to these heteroatoms or the groups of atoms that contain heteroatoms, irrespective of the length and nature of the carbon chain in that compound.
- Therefore, these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms containing hetero atoms are called functional groups.
E.g. In CH3 – OH, –OH (alcohol) is the functional group-containing heteroatom ‘oxygen’.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Write answer as directed.
Give any four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it. Write name and structural formula of one example each.
Define Hydrocarbons.
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Acetylene
Write the molecular formula of the given compound.
Propene
Match the columns.
| Group A | Group B |
| 1. Straight chain hydrocarbon | a) Benzene |
| 2. Branched chain hydrocarbon | b) Propyne |
| 3. Cyclic hydrocarbon | c) Isobutylene |
Carbon compounds contain only open chains of carbon atoms.
Cyclohexane is a branched chain type of hydrocarbon.
In LPG, butane is a flammable component.
Write scientific reason.
Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Explain the concept of heteroatoms with the help of examples.
Distinguish between:
Saturated hydrocarbons - Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Distinguish between:
Alkane - Alkene
Complete the given chart with writing the correct functional group of carbon compounds.
(Ester, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic acid, Alcohol, Ether)
| -O-H | |
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{O}\phantom{..}\\ ||\phantom{..}\\ \ce{-C-H} \end{array}\] |
|
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{O}\\ ||\\ \ce{-C-} \end{array}\] |
|
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{O}\phantom{.....}\\ ||\phantom{.....}\\ \ce{-C-O-H} \end{array}\] |
|
| -O- | |
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{O}\phantom{..}\\ ||\phantom{..}\\ \ce{-C-O} \end{array}\] |
|
|
\[\begin{array}{cc} |
Match the following.
| Functional group –OH | - | Benzene |
| Heterocyclic | - | Potassium stearate |
| Unsaturated | - | Alcohol |
| Soap | - | Furan |
| Carbocyclic | - | Ethene |
Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?
Identify heteroatom (s) in the following compound.
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3CH2 - C - CH3}\\\
\phantom{....}||\
\ce\\\phantom{....}{O}\end{array}\]
Write the IUPAC name of the following:
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{...}\ce{CH3}\phantom{.......}\\
|\phantom{.......}|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{CH2 - CH - CH2}\\
\phantom{...........}|\\
\phantom{......................}\ce{CH2}\ce{CH2}\ce{CH3}
\end{array}\]
