Question

Write answer as directed.
Give any four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it. Write name and structural formula of one example each.

Answer 1

Four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it are as follows:
1. Alcohols: The functional group, which is present in alcohol, is -OH. The IUPAC group suffix of alcohol is –ol.
Example: Ethanol

$$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{H}\phantom{..}\mathrm{H}\\ |\phantom{...}|\\ \phantom{..}\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{OH}\\ |\phantom{...}|\\ \mathrm{H}\phantom{..}\mathrm{H}\end{array}$$

2. Aldehydes: The functional group, which is present in an aldehyde, is -CHO. The IUPAC group suffix of an aldehyde is –al.
Example: Acetaldehyde

$$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{H}\phantom{..}\mathrm{H}\\ |\phantom{...}|\phantom{}\\ \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\\ |\phantom{....}\\ \mathrm{H}\phantom{....}\end{array}$$

3. Carboxylic acid: The functional group present in a carboxylic acid is -COOH. The IUPAC group suffix of a carboxylic acid is –oic acid.
Example: Acetic acid

$$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{H}\phantom{..}\mathrm{O}\phantom{..}\\ |\phantom{...}||\phantom{..}\\ \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{OH}\\ |\phantom{......}\\ \mathrm{H}\phantom{......}\end{array}$$

4. Ketones
Examples:- Acetone

$$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{H}\phantom{..}\mathrm{O}\phantom{..}\mathrm{H}\\ |\phantom{...}|\phantom{...}|\\ \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\\ |\phantom{......}|\\ \mathrm{H}\phantom{.....}\mathrm{H}\end{array}$$