Question

Write answer as directed.
Give any four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it. Write name and structural formula of one example each.

Answer 1

Four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it are as follows:
1. Alcohols: The functional group, which is present in alcohol, is -OH. The IUPAC group suffix of alcohol is –ol.
Example: Ethanol

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{...}|\\
\phantom{..}\ce{H-C-C-OH}\\
|\phantom{...}|\\
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{H}
\end{array}\]

2. Aldehydes: The functional group, which is present in an aldehyde, is -CHO. The IUPAC group suffix of an aldehyde is –al.
Example: Acetaldehyde

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{...}|\phantom{}\\
\ce{H-C-C-H}\\
|\phantom{....}\\
\ce{H}\phantom{....}
\end{array}\]

3. Carboxylic acid: The functional group present in a carboxylic acid is -COOH. The IUPAC group suffix of a carboxylic acid is –oic acid.
Example: Acetic acid

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{O}\phantom{..}\\
|\phantom{...}||\phantom{..}\\
\ce{H-C-C-OH}\\
|\phantom{......}\\
\ce{H}\phantom{......}
\end{array}\]

4. Ketones
Examples:- Acetone

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{O}\phantom{..}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{...}|\phantom{...}|\\
\ce{H-C-C-C-H}\\
|\phantom{......}|\\
\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\ce{H}
\end{array}\]