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प्रश्न
Write answers in ‘one’ or ‘two’ paras each :
Explain the concept of saving function.
उत्तर
The consumer does not spend the entire increase in his income on consumption. Rather, a portion (generally fixed) of the increase in income is kept as savings. Thus, as the income increases, savings also increase. This relationship between the savings and income is depicted in a functional form by the savings function. The savings function can be expressed as:
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संबंधित प्रश्न
............... consumption can not be zero.
(Induced / Autonomous / Government / Private)
Distinguish between marginal propensity to consume and average propensity to consume. Give a numerical example.
Define marginal propensity to consume
Calculate investment expenditure from the following data about an economy which is in equilibrium:
National income = 1000
Marginal propensity to save = 0.25
Autonomous consumption expenditure = 200
Complete the following table:-
| Income (Rs) | Consumption expenditure (Rs) | Marginal propensity to save | Average propensity to save |
| 0 | 80 | ||
| 100 | 140 | 0.4 | ....... |
| 200 | ........ | ...... | 0 |
| ....... | 240 | ........ | 0.20 |
| ......... | 260 | 0.8 | 0.35 |
Suppose marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. How much increase in investment is required to increase national income by Rs. 2000 crore? Calculate.
In an economy an increase in investment by Rs 100 crore led to ‘increase’ in national by Rs 1000 crore. Find marginal propensity to consume.
An economy is in equilibrium. Find autonomous consumption expenditure:
National Income =1,600
Investment Expenditure = 300
Marginal Propensity to Consume= 0.8
The value of marginal propensity to consume is 0.6 and initial income in the economy is Rs 100 crores. Prepare a schedule showing Income, Consumption and Saving. Also show the equilibrium level of income by assuming autonomous investment of Rs 80 crores.
Assuming that increase in investment is Rs1000 crore and marginal propensity to consume is 0.9, explain the working of the multiplier.
An economy is in equilibrium. From the following data about an economy, calculate investment expenditure:
1) Income = 10000
2) Marginal propensity to consume = 0.9
3) Autonomous consumption = 100
An economy is in equilibrium. From the following data calculate autonomous consumption.[4]
(i) Income = 10,000
(ii) Marginal propensity to consume = 0.2
(iii) Autonomous consumption = 1,500
An economy is in equilibrium. Calculate the National Income from the following :
Autonomous Consumption = 120
Marginal Propensity to Save = 0.2
Investment Expenditure = 150
An economy is in equilibrium. Calculate Autonomous Consumption from the following :
National Income = 1,250
Marginal Propensity to Save = 0.2
Investment Expenditure = 150
Calculate Marginal Propensity to Consume from the following data about an economy
Which is an equilibrium:
National income = 2000
Autonomous Consumption expenditure = 200
Investment expenditure = 100
Explain the Keynesian psychological law of consumption.
An economy is in equilibrium. Find the Investment Expenditure from the following :
National Income = 750
Autonomous Consumption = 200
Marginal Propensity to Save = 0.4
Write explanatory answer:
Explain the subjective and objective factors determining consumption function.
Define or explain the concept Average propensity to save .
Distinguish between :
Propensity to consume and Propensity to save.
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given in the bracket:
The part of income not spent is________.
Match the following Group ‘A’ with Group ‘B’:
| Group ‘A’ | Group ‘B’ | ||
| (a) | Giffen’s goods | (1) | Uses of commodities |
| (b) | Essential commodities | (2) | Keynes |
| (c) | Consumption | (3) | Primary function of bank |
| (d) | Consumption function | (4) | Inferior goods |
| (e) | Accept deposits | (5) | Money lender |
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(6) | Inelastic demand | |
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(7) | Luxurious commodities |
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(8) | Dr. Marshall |
Explain the following concepts or give definitions.
Consumption
State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons:
Increase in consumption expenditure is less than increase in income.
Choose the correct answer :
When income increases consumption and saving will _________.
Write short note on:
Paradox of value
Define 'or' explain the following concept.
Propensity to save
Define or explain the following concept
Marginal Cost.
Answer the following question.
What is meant by autonomous consumption? Explain with the help of a diagram.
An economy is in equilibrium. From the following data calculate investment expenditure :
(i) Marginal propensity to consume = 0·9
(ii) Autonomous consumption = 200
(iii) Level of income = 10000
Calculate the change in final income, if Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is 0.8 and change in initial investment is ₹ 1,000 crores.
In a hypothetical economy, Mr. Neeraj has deposited ₹100 in the bank. If it is assumed that there is no other currency circulation in the economy, then the total money supply in the economy will be ____________.
The relation between APC and MPC in Keynes Psychological consumption function is ______.
MPC = MPS = ?
Which of the following is correct?
A consumer spending on the purchase of goods regardless of the income in possession is an example of _______ consumption.
Calculate equilibrium level of income for a hypothetical economy, for which it is given that:
- Autonomous Investments = ₹ 500 crores, and
- Consumption function, C = 100 + 0.80Y
A firm is able to sell any quantity of a good at a given price. The firm's Marginal Revenue will be ______
Which of the following points are related to The sum of MPC and MPS is always equal to autonomous investments?
If MPC is 0.9, what is the value of the multiplier? How much investment is needed to increase national income by Rs 5,000 Crores
In an economy, 75 percent of the increase in income is spent on consumption. Investment is increased by Rs 1,000 crore. Calculate the Total increase in income?
Identify the correct pair of from the following Columns I and II:
| Columns I | Columns II |
| 1. Total Product increases at an increasing rate and Marginal Product rises till it reaches its maximum point. | (a) Second Stage |
| 2. Total product increases at a decreasing rate and reaches maximum, and MP becomes zero. | (b) First Stage |
| 3. Total product also decreases and marginal product (MP) becomes negative. | (c) Third Stage |
| 4. Improvement in technique of production and discovery of fixed factor substitute can postpone the operation of law for some time. | (d) Fourth Stage |
The rate of increase in ______ due to a unit increment in income is called marginal propensity to consume.
When we add up utility derived from consumption of all the units of the commodities, we get:
If the value of Average Propensity to Consume (APC) is 0.8 and National Income is ₹4,000 crores, the value of savings will be ______.
Average Propensity to Consume is equal to:
Which of the following statements is not correct?
Identify the correctly matched pair from Column A to that of Column B:
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (1) | MPC | (a) | Ratio of Savings to Consumption |
| (2) | APC | (b) | Ratio of Consumption to Income |
| (3) | APS | (c) | Ratio of Consumption to Savings |
| (4) | MPS | (d) | Ratio of Savings to Investment |
Assertion (A): Saving curve makes a negative intercept on the vertical axis at zero level of income.
Reason (R): Saving function refers to the functional relationship between saving and income.
In an economy 75 percent of the increase in income is spent on consumption. Investment increased by ₹ 1,000 crore.
Calculate the total increase in income on the basis of given information.
'Consumption function curve of an involuntary unemployed workers start from some positive level on Y-axis even at zero level of Income'. Justify the given statement.
Complete the following table:
| INCOME (Y) |
SAVING (S) |
APC |
| 0 | (-) 12 | |
| 20 | 6 |
When National Income rises from ₹ 600 Cr. to ₹ 1000 Cr., the consumption expenditure increases from ₹ 500 Cr. to ₹ 800 Cr. Calculate MPC and hence the value of Investment Multiplier.
