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प्रश्न
Your friend eats too much junk food, how would you be able to bring about a change in her/his attitude towards food?
उत्तर
Since my friend eats junk food, it will have some reinforcing value to him/her. In order to bring about a change in his/her attitude towards food, following techniques could be used:
First of all what needs to be targeted is ‘the way he/she thinks about junk food, i.e., the cognitive aspect of his/her positive attitude towards junk food. The modification in his/ her attitude can be achieved through using rational as well as emotional appeal and, if required, help of a dietician whose credibility in this area is very high will be of great use. Attitude changes may be brought about by:-
- Encouraging him/her to read about what is required for a healthy development, e.g., minerals etc. which are not found in junk food.
- Showing him/her the negative consequences of eating junk food like obesity, other health-related problems by exposing him/her to real life examples.
- Request people around him/her like family-members, elders and teachers whom he/ she likes. If they provide a role model, i.e., not to consume junk food then he/she will imitate their behaviour.
- Giving his/her choice and space to decide what is right for him/her considering both the aspects of the food and asking him/her to focus and think about the future problems associated with his/her liking.
All these things can bring about cognitive dissonance which might ultimately bring about the attitude change.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
______ involves making summary of the ideas fast received and is restatement of what is understood.
Cognitive units called which activates social cognition?
______ refers to all those psychological processes that deal with the gathering and processing of information related to social objects.
Assertion (A): Cognitive consistency means that two components in an attitude system must be in the opposite direction.
Reason (R): If the two elements are not logically in consonance with each other, it leads to distress in the individual.
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
| The Pygmalion effect, or Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area. The hypothesis was that expectations. can influence performance. Robert Rosenthal chose an elementary school in California for his study and having tested all the children’s IQ, the researchers selected a sample of children at random. He informed the teachers that these were children of high academic potential. Following the test, the teachers were given the names of the “intellectual bloomers,’ but no scores were disclosed. At the end of the school year, all the students retook the test. While the overall scores had risen, the so called “intellectual bloomers had improved. the most because of the teachers’ efforts and the attention they got from them. The evidence seemed to indicate that the teachers’ expectations had an impact on the student outcomes, especially in the younger students. A similar process works in the opposite direction in the case of low expectations. The idea of the Pygmalion effect can be applied in many situations. Our beliefs about others can lead us to treat them in such a way that they subsequently start behaving in accordance with our beliefs. |
Explain the cognitive and behavioural components of the teachers’ attitude towards the ‘intellectual bloomers’ in the Rosenthal study.
