Topics
Matter
- Matter (Substance)
- Characteristics of Particles (Molecules) of Matter
- States of Matter
- The Solid State
- The Liquid State
- The Gaseous State
- Heat and change of physical state
- Concept of Melting (Fusion)
- Concept of Freezing (Solidification)
- Concept of Boiling (Vaporization)
- Concept of Condensation (Liquefaction)
- Concept of Sublimation
- Concept of Desublimation (Deposition)
- Concept of Evaporation
Physical Quantities and Measurement
- Density and It’s Unit
- Vessels for Measuring the Volume
- Measurement of Density
- Determination of Density of a Regular Solid
- Determination of Density of an Irregular Solid
- Determination of Density of a Liquid
- Determination of Density of a Liquid Using the Density Bottle
- Relative Density and Its Unit
- Measurement of Relative Density
- Measurement of Relative Density of a Liquid
- Density of a Substance in Its Different States
- Buoyancy Force (Upthrust Force)
- Principle of Floatation (Laws of Flotation)
- Law of Floatation
- Applications of Floatation
Force and Pressure
- Force
- Moment (Turning Effect) of a Force Or Torque
- Moment of Force Or Torque
- Thrust and Pressure
- The Effect of Thrust
- Factors Affecting Pressure
- Pressure of liquid
- Factors Affecting Liquid Pressure
- Consequences of Liquid Pressure
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Standard Value of Atmospheric Pressure
- Application of Atmospheric Pressure
Energy
- Concept of Work
- Concept of Work
- Measurement of Work
- Energy
- Mechanical Energy
- Potential Energy (U)
- Types of Potential Energy
- Gravitational Potential Energy
- Kinetic Energy (K)
- Types of Kinetic Energy
- Conversion of Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy
- Transformation of Energy
- Forms of Energy
- Power
- Factors Affecting the Power of a Source
Light Energy
- Speed of Light
- Introduction to Refraction of Light
- Some Terms Related to Refraction of Light
- Effects of Refraction
- Atmospheric Refraction
- Application of Atmospheric Refraction
- Refraction of Light Through a Rectangular Glass Slab
- Refraction of Light Through a Prism
- Dispersion of Light and Its Causes
- Prism
- Dispersion of Light Through Prism and Formation of Spectrum
- Spherical Mirrors
- Rules for the Construction of Image Formed by a Spherical Mirror
- Formation of Image by Reflection: Real and Virtual Image
- Convex Mirror
- Image Formation by Convex Mirror
- Concave Mirror
- Image Formation by Concave Mirror
Heat Transfer
- Heat and Its Unit
- Effects of Heat
- Effect of Temperature on Molecular Motion
- Change of Liquid into Vapour State
- Expansion of Substances (Thermal Expansion)
- Expansion of Solids
- Expansion of Liquids
- Expansion of Gases
- Variation of Density with Temperature
Sound
- Sound
- Production of Sound
- Propagation of Sound
- Characteristics of a Sound Wave
- Representation of a Wave
- Properties of Sounds
- Loudness and Intensity
- Pitch (or shrillness) and frequency
- Quality (Or Timbre) and Wave Form
- Monotone
- Making a Musical Toy
Electricity
Household Electricity
- Electricity
- Electrical Energy and Power Consumed in a Circuit
- Transmission of Power from the Power Generating Station to the Consumer
- Colour Coding of Live, Neutral, and Earth Wires
- Electric Meter
- Commercial Unit of Electrical Energy
- Electric Fuse
- Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
- Household Electrical Circuits
- Electric Circuit in a Room
- Earthing (Grounding)
- Power Rating of Appliances
- Household Consumption of Electric Energy
- Dangers of Electricity
- Precautions to Be Taken While Using Electricity
Static Electricity
- Static Electricity
- Electric Charge
- Types of Charges and Their Interaction
- Transfer of Charges
- Conductors and Insulators
- Methods of Charging a Conductor
- Electroscope
- Lightning and Lightning Safety
Static electricity:
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it can be moved away by an electric current or electrical discharge. The word "static" is used to differentiate it from current electricity, where an electric charge flows through an electrical conductor.
- Static electricity forms when two surfaces touch or slide against each other and then separate.
- This causes an imbalance of electric charges—one object gets a positive charge, and the other gets a negative charge.
For examples,
- When you rub a balloon on your hair, the balloon can stick to a wall due to static electricity.
- Sparks or shocks can occur when a charged object comes near a conductor or an object with the opposite charge, such as touching a doorknob after walking on a carpet.
Static shock happens when the excess charge on one object is neutralised by coming into contact with a conductor or another object with the opposite charge. This release of energy is called electrostatic discharge (ESD).
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