Question

Answer the following question in 150 to 200 words with reference to the given points:

Explain the impact of globalisation.

1. Impact on Technology
2. Social Impact
3. Cultural Impact
4. Political Impact
5. Economic Impact

Answer 1

1. Impact on Technology: When discussing globalisation, we say the world has become more interconnected. Technological developments have helped this interconnectivity. For example, online applications can be made for admission to any college or university abroad. Similarly, mobile calls or WhatsApp messages can be made to your friends and family worldwide. The Internet revolution was perhaps the most important revolution in the field of technology. It became possible to connect to anyone in the world instantly. This global communication infrastructure has helped in the spread of ideas, cultures, and information. The Internet has provided ‘search engines' to find information and enabled ‘social networking’ activity like ‘Twitter’, ‘Skype’, ‘Facebook’, ‘Instagram’, ‘Whats App’, etc.
2. Social Impact: Another aspect of this global culture is the rise of individualism and materialism in society. The breakup of the traditional family system was mainly due to urbanization. The concept of individualism has further enhanced this. We are likely to hear the words ‘I want my privacy’ or ‘this is my personal space’ right from school-going children to elderly people. Similarly, the tendency to spend beyond one’s financial means has increased due to the introduction of credit cards.
3. Cultural Impact: The movement of the people within the country and the world has impacted the culture. We see the emergence of what is called ‘global cosmopolitan culture’. There is a great deal of Western domination of this global cosmopolitan culture. Values like modernization, westernization, and secularisation are considered more important than traditional values. This is seen in people's lifestyles. For example, there is an increase in the consumption of fast food like burgers, pizza, vada pav, etc. The method of celebrating traditional festivals like Christmas, Diwali, etc., has become more Westernized. New ideas like celebrating ‘Mother’s Day’, Father’s Day’, ‘Friendship Day’, etc. have come in. There is also an increasing demand for ‘Western wear’ in the clothes purchased in the market.
4. Political Impact: 
   
   1. Position of the State: Under globalisation, the state's sovereignty, which is inextricably tied to its jurisdiction, looks to be under attack internally and externally. Internal obstacles include non-state actor activism, the emergence of polarising forces, the erosion of national unity, and so on, while external challenges have the rise of regional economic organisations, rising humanitarian concerns, and so on.
   2. Non-State actors: Today, non-state actors such as NGOs, pressure organisations, and so on play an important role in international affairs and advancing humanitarian problems.
   3. Human Rights: Human rights protection and promotion are critical issues in the age of globalisation. Countries interpret human rights in light of their history, culture, economy, and political system. Many countries, like India, prioritize social justice over the full enjoyment of civil and political rights. It is sometimes asserted that the role and relevance of the state are gradually dwindling; nonetheless, the state remains the pivot in both domestic and foreign realms.
5. Economic Impact:
   1. One impact is seen in the labour market. There is a migration of skilled and semi-skilled labour from one country to another. For example, these companies recruit both skilled and semi-skilled employees.
   2. There is a lot of skilled and semi-skilled Indian labour working in West Asia, Africa, the United States, Europe, etc. The growth of the private sector has also increased employment in the service sector. Various services like catering, goods delivery, transport, etc. are being provided.
   3. A second impact is seen in small industries and shops. They have to face competition from the big multinational companies. Shops and small industries that are efficient can compete. For example, we have seen big grocery stores and malls in cities, but despite these, the small shopkeepers, and vegetable and fruit sellers continue to attract clientele. This is because they provide the necessary services to the people.
   4. A third impact is on the agricultural sector. Today farmers can sell their goods directly to companies. Multinational companies have introduced new technology and opened markets for Indian agricultural products. For example, India exports marine products, meat, rice, spices, cotton, fresh fruits and vegetables, sugar, coffee, groundnut, cashews, etc.