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प्रश्न
Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the principle and working of a Zener diode as voltage regular.
Explain the working of Zener diode as a voltage regulator.
उत्तर
Principle
A properly doped p–n junction that is supposed to work in a breakdown region is called a Zener diode. Such a junction when reverse biased shows a sudden increase in current to a high value at a certain voltage known as the breakdown voltage or the Zener voltage.
Working:
A Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator to provide a constant alue of voltage from a source whose value fluctuates over a wide range.
Given below is a circuit diagram. A Zener diode is connected across the fluctuating voltage source through a resistance R. A constant voltage supply is maintained across the load resistance RL.
When the input voltage increases, the resistance of the Zener diode decreases, and hence the current through the diode increases. Thus, a large voltage drop is seen across the resistance R and the output voltage across RL remains at a constant value. When the input voltage decreases, the resistance of the Zener diode increases and hence the current through the diode decreases. Only a small voltage drop takes place now across the resistance R, and the output voltage at RL remains constant. Thus, we get a constant voltage in spite of the fluctuating input voltage. In this way, a Zener diode acts as a voltage regulator.
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their question and preferred marks.
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