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प्रश्न
Give an account of Thurstone’s theory of Primary Mental Abilities.
उत्तर
According to American psychologist L. L. Thurstone (1938), intelligence comprises of nine distinct primary mental abilities. According to him, there is no factor common to all intellectual activity. However there are a number of groups of mental abilities, each having its own primary factor.
The description of the factors is as follows :
Verbal factor: It is concerned with the comprehension of verbal relations, words, and ideas.
Spatial factor: It is involved in any task in which the subject manipulates an object imaginatively in space.
Numerical factor: It is concerned with the ability to do numerical calculations rapidly and accurately.
Memory factor: It involves the ability to memorize quickly.
Word-fluency factor: It is involved whenever the subject is asked to think of isolated words at a rapid rate.
Inductive reasoning factor: It is the ability to draw inferences or conclusions on the basis of specific inferences.
Deductive reasoning factor: It is the ability to make use of generalized results.
Perceptual factor: It is the ability to perceive objects accurately.
Problem-solving factor: It is the ability to solve problems with independent efforts.
Their stone assembled a battery of tests to measure these abilities. This Primary Mental Abilities test (PMA) is still widely used.
The weakest part of the group factor theory was that it discarded the concept of common factors.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the case given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option:
This is a story of three students Ruby, Radhika and Shankar who were enrolled in an Undergraduate Psychology Program in a University. Ruby was the admission officer’s dream. She was selected for the program as she had perfect entrance test scores, outstanding grades and excellent letters of recommendation. But when it was time for Ruby to start coming up with ideas of her own, she disappointed her professors.
On the other hand, Radhika did not meet the admission officer’s expectations. She had good grades but low entrance exam scores. However, her letters of recommendation described her as a creative young woman. She could design and implement research work with minimal guidance at college.
Shankar ranked somewhere in between the two students. He was satisfactory on almost every traditional measure of success. But rather than falling somewhere in the middle of his class at college, Shankar proved to be an outstanding student. His strength lay in the ability to not only adapt well to the demands of his new environment but also to modify the environment to suit his needs.
Identify the three components of intelligence that Ruby is high on.
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In terms of efficiency in scanning information, which one of the following strategies is considered to be the best?
Sternberg's experiential intelligence includes:
Describe the PASS model of intelligence.
Describe the model which states that intellectual activity involves the three interdependent functioning of neurological systems.
Zarin is high in the ability to think analytically and performs well in academics. With respect to Sternberg's theory, which type of intelligence does Zarin possess? Explain this type of intelligence.
According to Howard Gardner's theory, which type of intelligence do interior designers and architects possess?
Discuss Guilford's Structure of Intellect Model.
Sheetal aims to become a Forest Range Officer as she enjoys being amongst wildlife and wants to protect them from any harm.
- Identify the type of intelligence that Sheetal possesses. Which theory of Intelligence is being indicated here? (2)
- According to the above theory of Intelligence, enumerate any two types of intelligence other than the one referred to above and any two corresponding professions. (2)
