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प्रश्न
List two reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds. Name the type of bonding found in most of its compounds. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by this kind of bonding?
उत्तर
The two characteristic properties of the carbon element which leads to the formation of a very large number of organic compounds are Catenation and Tetravalency.
Catenation:- Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. This property is called catenation.
Tetravalency:- Carbon has a valency of four. So, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other mono-valent element.
Covalent bonding is found in most of the carbon compounds.
Carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding because-
The bonds that carbon forms with most other elements are very strong making these compounds exceptionally stable. One reason for the formation of strong bonds by carbon is its small size. This enables the nucleus to hold on to the shared pairs of electrons strongly. The bonds formed by elements having larger atoms are much weaker.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Fill in the following blank with suitable word:
Compounds of carbon with hydrogen alone are called ..........
Fill in the following blank with suitable word:
The property of carbon atoms to form long chains in compounds is called ...........
What is the unique property of carbon atom? How is this property helpful to us?
How many isomers of the following hydrocharbons are possible?
C4H10
Two organic compounds A and B have the same molecular formula C6H12. Write the names and structural formulae:
if A is a cyclic compound
What is the molecular formula and structural formula of a cyclic hydrocarbon whose one molecule contains 8 hydrogen atoms?
Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane?
- \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{..}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - C - H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{..}
\end{array}\] - \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - H}\\
|\phantom{.....}\backslash\phantom{..}|\\
\phantom{.....}\ce{H}\phantom{.......}\ce{C - H}\\
\phantom{.........}|\\
\phantom{.........}\ce{H}
\end{array}\] - \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - H}\\
|\phantom{....}\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H}\phantom{........}\ce{H}\\
|\\
\ce{H - C - H}\\
|\\\ce{H}
\end{array}\] - \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H - C - C - H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H - C - C - H}\\
|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}
\end{array}\]
How many electrons are there in the outermost orbit of carbon?
Match the reactions given in Column (A) with the names given in column (B).
| Column (A) | Column (B) | ||
(a) |
`"CH"_3"OH" + "CH"_3"COOH"overset("H"^+)(->) "CH"_3"COOCH"_3 + "H"_2"O"` | (i) | Addition reaction |
| (b) | `"CH"_3 = "CH"_2 + "H"_2 overset("Ni")(->)"CH"_3 - "CH"_3` | (ii) | Substitution reaction |
| (c) | `"CH"_4 + "Cl"_2overset("Sunlight")(->)"CH"_3"Cl" + "HCl"` | (iii) | Neutralisation reaction |
| (d) | `"CH"_3"COOH" + "NaOH" -> "CH"_3"COONa" + "H"_2"O"` | (iv) | Esterification reaction |
Draw the structure of propanone.
