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प्रश्न
Statues and monuments in India are affected by acid rain. How?
उत्तर
Acid rain is a byproduct of various human activities that leads to the emission of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen in the atmosphere. These oxides undergo oxidation and then react with water vapour to form acids.
\[\ce{2SO_{2(g)} + O_{2(g)} + 2H_2O_{(l)} -> 2H_2SO_{4(aq)}}\]
\[\ce{4NO_{2(g)} + O_{2(g)} + 2H_2O_{(l)} -> 4HNO_{3(aq)}}\]
Acid rain causes damage to buildings and structures made of stone and metal. In India, limestone is a major stone used in the construction of various monuments and statues, including the Taj Mahal.
Acid rain reacts with limestone as:
\[\ce{CaCO_3 + H_2SO_4 -> CaSO_4 + H_2O + CO_2}\]
This results in the loss of lustre and colour of monuments, leading to their disfiguration.
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| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Oxides of sulphur | (a) Global warming |
| (ii) Nitrogen dioxide | (b) Damage to kidney |
| (iii) Carbon dioxide | (c) ‘Blue baby’ syndrome |
| (iv) Nitrate in drinking water | (d) Respiratory diseases |
| (v) Lead | (e) Red haze in traffic and congested areas |
Match the pollutants given in Column I with their effects given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Phosphate fertilisers in water | (a) BOD level of water increases |
| (ii) Methane in air | (b) Acid rain |
| (iii) Synthetic detergents in water | (c) Global warming |
| (iv) Nitrogen oxides in air | (d) Eutrophication |
Assertion (A): The pH of acid rain is less than 5.6.
Reason (R): Carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere dissolves in rain water and forms carbonic acid.
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Reason (R): It is largely produced by respiratory function of animals and plants.
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Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I | List - II | ||
|
(a) |
\[\ce{2SO2(g) + O2(g) -> 2SO3(g)}\] | (i) | Acid rain |
| (b) | \[\ce{HOCl(g) ->[hv] \overset{\bullet}{O}H + \overset{\bullet}{C}l}\] | (ii) | Smog |
| (c) | \[\ce{CaCO3 + H2SO4 -> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2}\] | (iii) | Ozone depletion |
| (d) | \[\ce{NO2(g) ->[hv] NO(g) + O(g)}\] | (iv) | Tropospheric pollution |
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