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प्रश्न
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
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The causes of disharmony and strife are several-fold. Resistance to social change is one among many. Problems of contemporary Indian society include domestic violence, sexual abuse, child rights, problems of senior citizens, migrants, ethnocentrism, religious fundamentalism, linguistic fanaticism, environmental degradation, substance abuse and addiction to devices, mob lynching and so on. Given the varied types of social problems and their changing nature, there emerges a need to examine them in a scientific manner. The applicability of Sociology in its widest sense, includes the exploration of various themes that cut across fields such Masculinity Studies, Minority Studies, Film and Media Studies, Sociology of Sports, Environmental Sociology, Forensic Sociology, Gerontology, Sociology of Music, Medical Sociology, Marketing Sociology and so on. Various government departments and voluntary organisations include sociologists on their panels to help steer policies and programmes. As Sociology is a people-centred discipline, it tends to create awareness and dialogue regarding human relationships. This is a valuable asset in governance and conflict resolution. |
- Identify the problems faced by women in contemporary Indian society.
- How does the knowledge of Sociology assist the government?
- Give two examples of social problems and the field of Sociology that is associated with it.
उत्तर
1. Problems faced by women in contemporary Indian society are as follows:
- Domestic violence
- Sexual abuse
- Women who are senior citizens and migrants could be doubly oppressed due to their vulnerable status.
2. Sociology view social problems as problems which arise out of the functioning of systems and structures in a society, or which are the result of group influences. They are also concerned with social relationships which emerge and are sustained because of the social problems. Thus, in analysing alcoholism, a sociologist will be concerned with its effects on social relations and roles, that is, the relations with family members, with colleagues in the office, and with neighbours and friends as well as its effect on work efficiency, status, and so on. The study of social problems in sociology aspires toward a body of valid and logically related principles to get solutions for the social problems.
3.
- Discrimination faced by minority groups in society: Minority Studies
- Adverse impact of climate change on society: Environmental Sociology
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
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Indian films have a history of their emergence, growth and development. There were the days of silent films where viewers interpreted visuals on screen and constructed their own understanding of what the films may have tried to communicate. Then came the days of audiovisual films, black and white films and later, colour films. People who can afford to watch films at theatres and those who can do so on their television screens at home are entertained by the stories that films tell us. There are all kinds of ideas, ideologies, tragedies, themes and values that films communicate. Today one can watch films on the internet on one’s mobile phones. Sometimes the explicit and implicit messages are received by viewers, but they can also be lost on them. Besides actors’ abilities to ‘play varied roles or characters, there are a whole lot of persons involved with the production process as well as its marketing. This may include the film director, screenplay writers, designers, sound engineers, makeup artists and stylists, casting experts, musicians and so on. Fields like Visual Sociology, Sociology of Mass Communication, and Marketing Sociology have a role to play in the study of these varied dimensions. Films as a source of knowledge play multiple roles even today. The story lines and types of films are ever increasing. Films are not limited to nor bound by standard themes, love stories or gender stereotyping. Films can cause much upheaval on the one hand and generate much interest on the other. Regional films and international films have added to the list of viewing possibilities and multiple interests. |
- Explain how films can influence people.
- Discuss the importance of regional and international films.
- Comment on the role of non-actors in films.
- How do you think Visual Sociology is related to films?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
|
Education, since the coming of the British to India has been secular in content. By this we mean, the content of education did not include the study of sacred texts. Schools were open for all - to learn and climb the ladder of vertical mobility. The study of English language as well as the opportunity to study in the English medium was available. It is true that several Indians from certain social and economic strata were the first to access an English education. Many of them later constituted the intelligentsia of our society. We refer to many of them as social reformers, such as Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Pandita Ramabai, Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve. They worked for religious, social and educational reform in Indian society. Such visionaries of society continue even in the post-Independence era, to the present time. Educational opportunities have grown by leaps and bounds in the last 73 years since Independence. One questions if the educated have merely acquired education or if the education has helped citizens become gainfully employed and more importantly, enlightened enough to transform society at the micro level. It is necessary for the government to consider the interests of all sections of society. Each citizen can play a dynamic role in the development of all people in our society. |
- Identify the changes in education system due to British.
- How does education contribute to social development?
- Identify the concerns relating to education.
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
|
Given below is a make-believe scenario. Yogini and Yogita are twins of the Patkar family who live in a small room measuring 225 sq. ft. in a small town. Yogini is brilliant in studies and Kabbadi. Yogita is an outstanding cricketer who represents the Western India region; she also was a topper in the State-level Marathi language Competition. Their parents come from a small village in Marathwada; they were farmers. For the sake of their daughters, they shifted to a small town to facilitate their children’s further education and sports training. Their relatives and others in their village have heard of the Patkar girl’s’ success and are also encouraged to send their children to big cities with the hope that they too will become successful and famous one day. Today, if one visits the village you will notice that in many homes, there are only the elderly folk. The youth seem to have migrated to better their prospects. Can you imagine the effect of such migration on the local village community? |
- What are the challenges faced by rural people while sending their children for higher education?
- State the common strengths of Yogini and Yogita.
- State any two effects of migration on both, villages and cities.
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
|
Can human societies be flawless? What is considered as acceptable, desirable, valuable varies from time to time, place to place, and in different contexts. There is sometimes a tendency to encourage excessive ethnocentric attitudes about one’s culture or group to which one belongs. Ethnocentrism in its extreme form is an obstacle to social harmony. For the sake of social solidarity, respect of other cultures, selfcriticism, critical appraisal, reflection and introspection is necessary. This may help to develop a pluralist way of appreciating the diversities within which we live. The life stories of people are a useful means to understand underlying feelings, beliefs, threats and so on. Civil society can play a part in this process to eliminate or minimise factors that hinder progress, or those which divides us. |
- Does ethnocentrism affect social peace?
- How can social solidarity be developed?
- What is the role of civil society in ensuring unity?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
|
Read the make-believe speech made by a representative of the Governing Body to its Executive Committee meeting, in a well-known international firm located in Pune. “Good morning. The Board of Directors has asked me to communicate with you all a policy decision that has been taken by the higher management. Two policies have been taken by our company. One, there shall be a confidential, two-way appraisal of all employees from the coming financial year. Every employee will be assessed by one’s immediate senior, one’s team members and by oneself through self– appraisal. Juniors will also assess the seniors to whom they report. There are specific criteria on which assessment will take place. A second policy decision is for the company to make every effort to ‘Go Green’ in keeping with the international commitment towards a cleaner and greener environment. You may please share this decision to members of your respective departments today, through our eportal systems. Feedback from all employees are welcome but they must be made within a week from today, to the Human Resource Department, via the e-portal.” |
- What is meant by two-way appraisal?
- Suggest three ways that a company can adopt to ‘Go Green’
- What is the need to ‘Go Green’?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
|
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a Government of India programme that makes education for children between the ages 6-14 free and compulsory. This programme was pioneered by the former Indian Prime Minister Shri Atal Behari Vajpayee in 1993-94. It became totally operational since 2000-2001. This programme made education a Fundamental Right. Along with this, the Government of India also launched the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) on 15th August 1995. From here emerged the concept of free ‘Midday Meal’ for children going to schools which were managed by local bodies like Gram Panchayats and Municipal Corporations. The Midday Meal is mandatory. It is taken for granted that the children should be given good, nutritious food on a daily basis. A lot of organisation goes into the cooking and delivering of these meals to the schools on time. Universal Education goes hand in hand with Nutrition. Children of the village and municipal schools look forward to this meal. For several of them it is perhaps the main meal of the day. |
- Identify the initiatives of the government to promote education.
- What is the purpose of Midday Meal?
- How effective are the children welfare programmes in India?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
|
Education, since the coming of the British to India has been secular in content. By this we mean, the content of education did not include the study of sacred texts. Schools were open for all - to learn and climb the ladder of vertical mobility. The study of English language, as well as the opportunity to study in the English medium, was available. It is true that several Indians from certain social and economic strata were the first to access an English education. Many of them later constituted the intelligentsia of our society. We refer to many of them as social reformers, such as Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Pandita Ramabai, Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve. They worked for religious, social and educational reform in Indian society. Such visionaries of society continue even in the post-Independence era, to the present time. Educational opportunities have grown by leaps and bounds in the last 73 years since Independence. One questions if the educated have merely acquired education or if the education has helped citizens become gainfully employed and more importantly, enlightened enough to transform society at the micro level. It is necessary for the government to consider the interests of all sections of society. Each citizen can play a dynamic role in the development of all people in our society. |
- Identify the changes in education system due to British.
- How does education contribute to social development?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
|
Given below is a make-believe scenario. Yogini and Yogita are twins of the Patkar family who live in a small room measuring 225 sq. ft. in a small town. Yogini is brilliant in studies and Kabbadi. Yogita is an outstanding cricketer who represents the Western India region; she also was a topper in the State-level Marathi language Competition. Their parents come from a small village in Marathwada; they were farmers. For the sake of their daughters, they shifted to a small town to facilitate their children’s further education and sports training. Their relatives and others in their village have heard of the Patkar girl’s’ success and are also encouraged to send their children to big cities with the hope that they too will become successful and famous one day. Today, if one visits the village you will notice that in many homes, there are only the elderly folk. The youth seem to have migrated to better their prospects. Can you imagine the effect of such migration on the local village community? |
- What are the challenges faced by rural people while sending their children for higher education?
- State any two effects of migration on both, villages and cities.
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.
|
Read the make - believe speech made by a representative of the Governing Body to its Executive Committee meeting, in a well - known international firm located in Pune. "Good Morning. The Board of Directors has asked me to communicate with you all a policy decision that has been taken by the higher management. Two policies have been taken by our company. One, there shall be a confidential, two - way appraisal of all employees from the coming financial year. Every employee will be assessed by one's immediate senior, one's team members and by oneself through self- appraisal. Juniors will also assess the senior, to whom they report. There are specific criteria on which assessment will take place. A second policy decision is for the company to make every effort to 'Go Green' in keeping with the international commitment towards a cleaner and greener environment. You may please share this decision to members of your respective departments today, through our e -portal systems. Feedback from all employees are welcome but they must be made within a week from today, to the Human Resource Department, via the e - portal." |
- How are the policies adopted by the Board of Directors beneficial?
- In what ways can you promote, "Go Green" in your community?
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
|
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a Government of India programme that makes education for children between ages 6-14 free and compulsory. This programme was pioneered by former Indian Prime Minister, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 1993-94. It became totally operational since 2000-2001. This programme made education a Fundamental Right. Along with this, the Government of India also launched the National Programme of Nutritional support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) on 15th August 1995. From here emerged the concept of free 'Midday Meal' for children going to schools which were managed by local bodies like Gram Panchayats and Municipal Corporations. The 'Midday Meal' is mandatory. It is taken for granted that the children should be given good, nutritious food on a daily basis. A lot of organisation goes into the cooking and delivering these meals to the schools, on time. Universal Education goes hand in hand with Nutrition. Children of the village and municipal schools look forward to this meal. For several of them it is perhaps the main meal of the day. |
Questions:
- Do you think Primary Education should be made compulsory?
- What is the importance of 'Midday Meal' in Primary Education?
