Question

Read the following passage and answer the question given below

The word petroleum is derived from the original Latin words petra and olium. Petra means rock and oleum means oil. Petroleum is a mixture of several types of hydrocarbons. The stratified rock in which the remains of marine microbial plant plankton (phytoplankton), algae and bacteria are found; such stratified rocks produce oil and natural gas. The remains of marine flora and fauna are stored at the bottom of the ocean, and silt accumulates and is buried beneath the silt layer. Due to the weight of the sludge and the heat generated from it, the organic matter deposited under the sludge is converted into droplets of fine oil. When the temperature of organic matter is reaches up to 120 degrees Celsius, then the organic matter is converted into oil particles. These oil particles penetrate into the microscopic pores of the rock and thus form rocks with a source of petroleum. Sandstones with high porosity are more likely to contain oil. It consists mainly of biofuels. The fuels currently in use include minerals such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and atoms.

1. How the word petroleum is formed? 
2. How rocks with petroleum sources are formed? 
3. Which rock is more likely to contain oil? 
4. What minerals are present in the fuel currently in use?

Answer 1

1. The word petroleum is formed from two Latin words ‘petra’ meaning rock and ‘olium’ meaning oil.

2. The rocks with petroleum sources are formed by the following process:

1. The remains of marine flora and fauna are stored at the bottom of the ocean, and silt accumulates and is buried beneath the silt layer. 
2. Due to the weight of the sludge and the heat generated from it, the organic matter deposited under the sludge is converted into droplets of fine oil.
3. When the temperature of organic matter is reaches up to 120 degrees Celsius, then the organic matter is converted into oil particles. 
4. These oil particles penetrate into the microscopic pores of the rock and thus form rocks with a source of petroleum.

3. Sandstone rock with high porosity is more likely to contain oil.

4. The minerals such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and atoms are present in the fuel currently in use.