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प्रश्न
What are detergents chemically? List two merits and two demerits of using detergents for cleansing. State the reason for the suitability of detergents for washing, event in the case of water having calcium and magnesium ions.
उत्तर
Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids.
Merits of detergents:
(i) Detergent works properly even if the water is hard
(ii) Detergent has better cleansing action than soap.
Demerits of detergents:
(i) Detergents are non-biodegradable.
(ii) Detergents cause environmental and health problems.
Detergents are suitable for cleansing even in hard water because the charged ends of these compounds do not form insoluble precipitates with the calcium and magnesium ions in hard water.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Both soap and detergent are some type of salts. What is the difference between them?
Why do soaps not form lather in hard water?
In the neighbourhood of your school, hard water required for an experiment is not available. Select from the following group of salts available in your school, a group each member of which, if dissolved in distilled water, will make it hard:
(a) Sodium chloride, calcium chloride
(b) Potassium chloride, sodium chloride
(c) Sodium chloride, magnesium chloride
(d) Calcium chloride, magnesium chloride
A student requires hard water for an experiment in his laboratory which is not available in the neighbouring area. In the laboratory there are some salts, which when dissolved in distilled water can convert it into hard water. Select from the following groups of salts, a group, each salt of which when dissolved in distilled water will make it hard.
(A) Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride
(B) Sodium sulphate, Potassium sulphate
(C) Sodium sulphate, Calcium sulphate
(D) Calcium sulphate, Calcium chloride
Explain esterification reaction with the help of a chemical equation. Describe an activity to show esterification.
Give the reason of formation of scum when soaps are used with hard water.
The chemical mostly used in the preparation of most of the soaps we use is
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Potassium hydroxide
(c) Sodium hydroxide
(a) Potassium chloride
A student takes 4 mL of distilled water in each of four test tubes I, II, III and IV, and then dissolves an equal amount of four different salts namely NaCl in I, CaCl2 in II, MgCl2 in III and KCl in IV. He then adds 8 drops of the given soap solution to each test tube and shakes the contents of the test tube 10 times. In which test tubes will enough lather (foam) be formed ?
(A) I and II
(B) II and III
(C) I and IV
(D) III and IV
Explain why synthetic detergents are superior to soap.
______ to remove strong strains on the clothes.
