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प्रश्न
X,Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. They admit A into partnership and give him 1/5th share of profits. Find the new profit-sharing ratio.
उत्तर
Old Ratio = X : Y : Z
= 5 : 3 : 2
A is admitted for `1/5` share of profit
Let the combined share of profit for all partners after A's admission be = 1
Combined share of X,Y and Z after A's admission = 1 - A's share
= 1 - `1/5`
= `4/5`
New Ratio = Old Ratio × Combined share of X, Y and Z
X's = `5/10 xx 4/5 = 20/50`
Y's = `3/10 xx 4/5 = 12/50`
Z's = `2/10 xx 4/5 = 8/50`
New Profit Sharing Ratio = X : Y : Z : A
= `20/50 : 12/50 : 8/50 : 1/5`
= `[ 20 : 12 : 8 : 10]/50`
= 10 : 6 : 4 : 5
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Sangeeta, Saroj and Shanti are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2:3:5. Goodwill is appearing in the books at a value of Rs 60,000. Sangeeta retires and goodwill is valued at Rs 90,000. Saroj and Shanti decided to share future profits equally. Record necessary Journal entries.
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A, B and C were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 6 : 5 : 4. Their capitals were A − ₹ 1,00,000; B − ₹ 80,000 and C − ₹ 60,000 respectively. On 1st April, 2009, A retired from the firm and the new profit sharing ratio between B and C was decided as 1 : 4. On A's retirement, the goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹ 1,80,000. Showing your calculations clearly, pass the necessary Journal entry for the treatment of goodwill on A's retirement.
Ramesh wants to retire from the firm. The gain (profit) on revaluation on that date was ₹ 12,000. Mohan and Rahul want to share this in their new profit-sharing ratio of 3 : 2. Ramesh wants this to be shared equally. How is the profit to be shared? Give reasons.
X, Y and Z are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. Z retires from the firm on 31st March, 2019. On the date of Z's retirement, the following balances appeared in the books of the firm:
General Reserve ₹ 1,80,000
Profit and Loss Account (Dr.) ₹ 30,000
Workmen Compensation Reserve ₹ 24,000 which was no more required
Employees' Provident Fund ₹ 20,000.
Pass necessary Journal entries for the adjustment of these items on Z's retirement.
Asha, Naveen and Shalini were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. Goodwill appeared in their books at a value of ₹ 80,000 and General Reserve at ₹ 40,000. Naveen decided to retire from the firm. On the date of his retirement, goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹ 1,20,000. The new profit-sharing ratio decided among Asha and Shalini is 2 : 3.
Record necessary Journal entries on Naveen's retirement.
Ram, Laxman and Bharat are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. Goodwill is appearing in the books at a value of ₹ 1,80,000. Laxman retires and at the time of his retirement, goodwill is valued at ₹ 2,52,000. Ram and Bharat decided to share future profits in the ratio of 2 : 1. The Profit for the first year after Laxman's retirement amount to ₹ 1,20,000. Give the necessary Journal entries to record goodwill and to distribute the profit. Show your calculations clearly.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. Balance Sheet of the firm as at 31st March, 2019 was as follows:
|
Liabilities |
Amount (₹) |
Assets |
Amount (₹) |
||
| Creditors |
21,000 |
Cash at Bank | 5,750 | ||
| Workmen Compensation Reserve |
12,000 |
Debtors |
40,000 |
|
|
| Investments Fluctuation Reserve |
6,000 |
Less: Provision for Doubtful Debts |
2,000 |
38,000 |
|
| Capital A/cs: | Stock | 30,000 | |||
| X | 68,000 | Investment (Market Value ₹ 17,600) | 15,000 | ||
| Y |
32,000 |
|
Patents | 10,000 | |
| Z |
21,000 |
1,21,000 |
Machinery |
50,000 |
|
| Goodwill | 6,000 | ||||
| Advertisement Expenditure | 5,250 | ||||
|
1,60,000 |
1,60,000 |
||||
Z retired on 1st April, 2019 on the following terms:
(a) Goodwill of the firm is to be valued at ₹ 34,800.
(b) Value of Patents is to be reduced by 20% and that of machinery to 90%.
(c) Provision for doubtful debts is to be created @ 6% on debtors.
(d) Z took over the investment at market value.
(e) Liability for Workmen Compensation to the extent of ₹ 750 is to be created.
(f) A liability of ₹ 4,000 included in creditors is not to be paid.
(g) Amount due to Z to be paid as follows: ₹ 5,067 immediately, 50% of the balance within one year and the balance by a draft for 3 Months.
Give necessary Journal entries for the treatment of goodwill, prepare Revaluation Account, Capital Accounts and the Balance Sheet of the new firm.
On 31st March, 2019, the Balance Sheet of A, B and C who were sharing profits and losses in proportion to their capitals stood as:
|
Liabilities |
Amount (₹) |
Assets |
Amount (₹) |
||
| Creditors |
10,800 |
Cash at Bank | 13,000 | ||
| Bills Payable |
5,000 |
Debtors |
10,000 |
|
|
| Capital A/cs: |
|
Less: Provision for Doubtful Debts |
200 |
9,800 |
|
| A | 45,000 | Stock | 9,000 | ||
| B |
30,000 |
|
Machinery | 24,000 | |
| C |
15,000 |
90,000 |
Freehold Premises |
50,000 |
|
|
1,05,800 |
1,05,800 |
||||
B retired and following adjustments were agreed to determine the amount payable to B:
(a) Out of the amount of insurance premium debited to Profit and Loss Account, ₹ 1,000 be carried forward as prepaid Insurance.
(b) Freehold Premises be appreciated by 10%.
(c) Provision for Doubtful Debts is brought up to 5% on Debtors.
(d) Machinery be reduced by 5%.
(e) Liability for Workmen Compensation to the extent of ₹ 1,500 would be created.
(f) Goodwill of the firm be fixed at ₹ 18,000 and B's share of the same be adjusted into the accounts of A and C who will share future profits in the ratio of 3/4th and 1/4th.
(g) Total capital of the firm as newly constituted be fixed at ₹ 60,000 between A and C in the proportion of 3/4th and 1/4th after passing entries in their accounts for adjustments, i.e., actual cash to be paid or to be brought in by continuing partners as the case may be.
(h) B be paid ₹ 5,000 in cash and the balance be transferred to his Loan Account.
Prepare Capital Accounts of Partners and the Balance Sheet of the firm of A and C.
Amit, Balan and Chander were partners in a firm sharing profits in the proportion of 1/2, 1/3 and 1/6 respectively. Chander retired on 1st April, 2014. The Balance Sheet of the firm on the date of Chander's retirement was as follows:
|
Liabilities |
Amount (₹) |
Assets |
Amount (₹) |
||
| Sundry Creditors |
12,600 |
Bank | 4,100 | ||
| Provident Fund |
3,000 |
Debtors |
30,000 |
|
|
| General Reserve |
9,000 |
Less: Provision |
1,000 |
29,000 |
|
| Capital A/cs: |
|
|
|||
|
Amit |
40,000 | Stock | 25,000 | ||
|
Balan |
36,500 | Investments | 10,000 | ||
|
Chander |
20,000 |
96,500 |
Patents |
5,000 |
|
|
|
|
Machinery |
48,000 |
||
|
1,21,100 |
1,21,100 |
||||
It was agreed that:
(i) Goodwill will be valued at ₹ 27,000.
(ii) Depreciation of 10% was to be provided on Machinery.
(iii) Patents were to be reduced by 20%.
(iv) Liability on account of Provident Fund was estimated at ₹ 2,400.
(v) Chander took over Investments for ₹ 15,800.
(vi) Amit and Balan decided to adjust their capitals in proportion of their profit-sharing ratio by opening Current Accounts.
Prepare Revaluation Account and Partners' Capital Accounts on Chander's retirement.
Balance Sheet of X, Y and Z who shared profits in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2, as on 31st March, 2019 was as follows:
| Liabilities | ₹ | Assets | ₹ | |
| Sundry Creditors | 39,750 | Bank (Minimum Balance) | 15,000 | |
| Employees' Provident Fund | 5,250 | Debtors | 97,500 | |
| Workmen Compensation Reserve | 22,500 | Stock | 82,500 | |
| Capital A/cs: | Fixed Assets | 1,87,500 | ||
| X | 1,65,000 | |||
| Y | 84,000 | |||
| Z | 66,000 | 3,15,000 | ||
| 3,82,500 | 3,82,500 | |||
Y retired on 1st April, 2019 and it was agreed that:
(i) Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 1,12,500 and Y's share of it be adjusted into the accounts of X and Z who are going to share future profits in the ratio of 3 : 2.
(ii) Fixed Assets be appreciated by 20%.
(iii) Stock be reduced to ₹ 75,000.
(iv) Y be paid amount brought in by X and Z so as to make their capitals proportionate to their new profit-sharing ratio.
Prepare Revaluation Account, Capital Accounts of all partners and the Balance Sheet of the New Firm.
X and Y are partners. The Partnership Deed provides inter alia:
(a) That the Accounts be balanced on 31st March every year.
(b) That the profits be divided as: X one-half, Y one-third and carried to a Reserve one-sixth.
(c) That in the event of the death of a partner, his Executors be entitled to be paid:
(i) The Capital to his credit till the date of death.
(ii) His proportion of profits till the date of death based on the average profits of the last three completed years.
(iii) By way of Goodwill, his proportion of the total profits for the three preceding years.
(d)
| BALANCE SHEET as at 31st March, 2019 | |||||
| Liabilities | ₹ | Assets | ₹ | ||
| Capital A/cs: | Sundry Assets | 21,000 | |||
| X | 9,000 | ||||
| Y | 6,000 | 15,000 | |||
| Reserve | 3,000 | ||||
| Creditors | 3,000 | ||||
| 21,000 | 21,000 | ||||
Profits for three years were: 2016-17 − ₹ 4,200; 2017-18 − ₹ 3,900; 2018-19 − ₹ 4,500. Y died on 1st August, 2019. Prepare necessary accounts.
On 31st March, 2014, the Balance Sheet of Pooja, Qureshi and Ross, who were partners in a firm was as under:
|
Liabilities |
Amount (₹) |
Assets |
Amount (₹) |
||
|
Sundry Creditors |
2,50,000 |
Building |
2,60,000 |
||
|
Reserve Fund |
2,00,000 |
Investment |
1,10,000 |
||
| Capital A/cs: | Qureshi's Loan | 1,00,000 | |||
| Pooja | 1,50,000 | Debtors | 1,50,000 | ||
| Qureshi | 1,00,000 | 3,50,000 | Stock | 1,20,000 | |
| Ross | 1,00,000 | Cash | 60,000 | ||
|
8,00,000 |
8,00,000 |
||||
Qureshi died on 1st July, 2014. The profit-sharing ratio of the partners was 2 : 1 : 1. On the death of a partner, the partnership deed provided for the following:
(i) His share in the profits of the firm till the date of his death will be calculated on the basis of average profits of last three completed years.
(ii) Goodwill of the firm will be calculated on the basis of total profit of last two years.
(iii) Interest on loan given by the firm to a partner will be charged at the rate of 6% p.a. or ₹ 4,000, whichever is more.
(iv) Profits for the last three years were ₹ 45,000; ₹ 48,000 and ₹ 33,000.
Prepare Qureshi's Capital Account to be rendered to his executors.
A, B and C were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. On 31st March, 2018, their Balance Sheet was as follows:
|
Liabilities |
₹ |
Assets |
₹ |
||
|
Creditors |
11,000 |
Building |
20,000 |
||
|
Reserves |
6,000 |
Machinery |
30,000 |
||
| A's Loan A/c | 5,000 | Stock | 10,000 | ||
|
Capital A/cs: |
Patents | 11,000 | |||
| A |
25,000 |
Debtors | 8,000 | ||
| B | 25,000 | Cash | 8,000 | ||
| C |
15,000 |
65,000 |
|||
|
87,000 |
87,000 |
||||
A died on 1st October, 2018. It was agreed among his executors and the remaining partners that:
(i) Goodwill to be valued at 212 years' purchase of the average profit of the previous 4 years, which were 2014-15: ₹ 13,000; 2015-16: ₹ 12,000; 2016-17: ₹ 20,000 and 2017-18: ₹ 15,000.
(ii) Patents be valued at ₹ 8,000; Machinery at ₹ 28,000; and Building at ₹ 25,000.
(iii) Profit for the year 2017-18 be taken as having accrued at the same rate as that of the previous year.
(iv) Interest on capital be provided @ 10% p.a.
(v) Half of the amount due to A to be paid immediately to the executors and the balance transferred to his (Executors') Loan Account.
Prepare A's Capital Account and A's Executors' Account as on 1st October, 2018.
A, B and C are partners in a firm sharing profits in the proportion of 3 : 2 : 1. Their Balance Sheet as at 31st March, 2018 stood as follows:
|
Liabilities |
Amount (₹) |
Assets |
Amount (₹) |
||
|
Sundry Creditors |
2,70,000 |
Cash in Hand |
42,500 |
||
|
General Reserve |
1,20,000 |
Cash at Bank |
2,14,500 |
||
|
Capital A/cs: |
Debtors | 1,63,000 | |||
| A |
2,00,000 |
Stock | 17,500 | ||
| B | 1,20,000 | Investment | 1,32,500 | ||
| C |
80,000 |
4,00,000 |
Building | 2,10,000 | |
| B's Loan | 10,000 | ||||
|
7,90,000 |
7,90,000 |
||||
B died on 30th June, 2018 and according to the deed of the said partnership his executors are entitled to be paid as under:
(a) The capital to his credit at the time of his death and interest thereon @ 10% per annum.
(b) His proportionate share of General Reserve.
(c) His share of profit for the intervening period will be based on the sales during that period. Sales from 1st April, 2018 to 30th June, 2018 were as ₹ 12,00,000. The rate of profit during past three years had been 10% on sales.
(d) Goodwill according to his share of profit to be calculated by taking twice the amount of profits of the last three years less 20%. The profit of the previous three years were: 1st Year: ₹ 82,000; 2nd year: ₹ 90,000; 3rd year ₹ 98,000.
(e) The investments were sold at par and his executors were paid out in full.
Prepare B's Capital Account and his Executors' Account.
Babita, Chetan and David are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 1 : 1 respectively. Firm closes its accounts on 31st March every year. Chetan died on 30th September, 2012. There was a balance of ₹ 1,25,000 in Chetan's Capital Account in the beginning of the year. In the event of death of any partner, the Partnership Deed provides for the following:
(a) Interest on capital will be calculated at the rate of 6% p.a.
(b) The executor of deceased partner shall be paid ₹ 24,000 for his share of goodwill.
(c) His share of Reserve Fund of ₹ 12,000, shall be paid to his executor.
(d) His share of profit till the date of death will be calculated on the basis of sales. It is also specified that the sales during the year 2011-12 were ₹ 4,00,000. The sales from 1st April, 2012 to 30th September, 2012 were ₹ 1,20,000. The profit of the firm for the year ending 31st March, 2012 was ₹ 2,00,000.
Prepare Chetan's Capital Account to be presented to his executor.
X, Y and Z were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. Z died on 30th June, 2018. The Balance Sheet of the firm as at that 31st March, 2018 is as follows:
BALANCE SHEET as at 31st March, 2018
| Liabilities | Amount (₹) |
Assets | Amount (₹) |
||
| X's Capital A/c | 2,40,000 |
Machinery |
2,40,000 | ||
| Y's Capital A/c | 1,60,000 | Furniture | 1,50,000 | ||
|
Z's Capital A/c |
80,000 | 4,80,000 | Investments | 40,000 | |
| X's Current A/c | 16,000 | Stock | 64,000 | ||
| Y's Current A/c | 5,000 | Sundry Debtors | 50,000 | ||
| Reserve | 60,000 | Bills Receivable | 22,000 | ||
| Bills Payable | 34,000 | Cash at Bank | 37,000 | ||
| Sundry Creditors | 40,000 | Cash in Hand | 22,000 | ||
| Z's Current A/c | 10,000 | ||||
| 6,35,000 | 6,35,000 | ||||
The following decisions were taken by the remaining partners:
(a) A Provision for Doubtful Debts is to be raised at 5% on Debtors.
(b) While Machinery to be decreased by 10%, Furniture and Stock are to be appreciated by 5% and 10% respectively.
(c) Advertising Expenses ₹ 4,200 are to be carried forward to the next accounting year and, therefore, it is to be adjusted through the Revaluation Account.
(d) Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 60,000.
(e) X and Y are to share profits and losses equally in future.
(f) Profit for the year ended 31st March, 2018 was ₹ 8,16,000 and Z's share of profit till the date of death is to be determined on the basis of profit for the year ended 31st March, 2018.
(g) The Fixed Capital Method is to be converted into the Fluctuating Capital Method by transferring the Current Account balances to the respective Partners' Capital Accounts.
Prepare the Revaluation Account, Partners' Capital Accounts and prepare C's Executors's Account to show that C's Executors were paid in two half-yearly instalments plus interest of 10% p.a. on the
unpaid balance. The first instalment was paid on 31st December, 2018.
X and Y are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. Z is admitted as partner with 1/4 share in profit. Z acquires his share from X and Y in the ratio of 2 : 1. Calculate new profit-sharing ratio.
Find New Profit-sharing Ratio:
A and B are equal partners. They admit C and D as partners with 1/5th and 1/6th share respectively.
A, B and C shared profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1 respectively. With effect from 1st April, 2019, they agreed to share profits equally. The goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹ 18,000. Pass necessary Journal entries when: (a) Goodwill is adjusted through Partners' Capital Accounts; and (b) Goodwill is raised and written off.
A and B are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 4 : 1. They decided to share future profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 w.e.f. 1st April, 2019. On that day, Profit and Loss Account showed a debit balance of ₹ 1,00,000. Pass Journal entry to give effect to the above.
B and C are in partnership sharing profits and losses as 3 : 1. They admit D into the firm, D pays premium of ₹ 15,000 for 1/3rd share of the profits. As between themselves, B and C agree to share future profits and losses equally. Draft Journal entries showing appropriations of the premium money.
X, Y and Z who are presently sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2 decide to share future profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 5. Give the journal entry to distribute 'Workmen Compensation Reserve' of ₹ 1,20,000 at the time of change in profit-sharing ratio, when there is a claim of ₹ 80,000 against it.
Nitin, Tarun and Amar are partners sharing profits equally and decide to share profits in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1 w.e.f. 1st April, 2019. The extract of their Balance Sheet as at 31st March, 2019 is as follows:
| Liabilities | ₹ | Assets | ₹ |
| Investments Fluctuation Reserve | 60,000 | Investments (At Cost) | 4,00,000 |
Pass the Journal entries in each of the following situations:
(i) When its Market Value is not given;
(ii) When its Market Value is ₹ 4,00,000;
(iii) When its Market Value is ₹ 4,24,000;
(iv) When its Market Value is ₹ 3,70,000;
(v) When its Market Value is ₹ 3,10,000.
Bhavya and Sakshi are partners in a firm, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. On 31st March, 2018 their Balance Sheet was as under:
| Liabilities | Amount (₹) |
Assets | Amount (₹) |
||
| Sundry Creditors | 13,800 | Furniture | 16,000 | ||
| General Reserve | 23,400 | Land and Building | 56,000 | ||
| Investment Fluctuation Fund | 20,000 | Investments | 30,000 | ||
| Bhavya's Capital | 50,000 | Trade Receivables | 18,500 | ||
| Sakshi's Capital | 40,000 | Cash in Hand | 26,700 | ||
| 1,47,200 | 1,47,200 | ||||
The partners have decided to change their profit sharing ratio to 1 : 1 with immediate effect. For the purpose, they decided that:
(i) Investments to be valued at ₹ 20,000.
(ii) Goodwill of the firm be valued at ₹ 24,000.
(iii) General Reserve not to be distributed between the partners.
You are required to pass necessary Journal entries in the books of the firm. Show workings.
X, Y and Z share profits as 5 : 3 : 2. They decide to share their future profits as 4 : 3 : 3 with effect from 1st April, 2019. On this date the following revaluations have taken place:
| Book Values (₹) | Revised Values (₹) | |
| Investments | 22,000 | 25,000 |
| Plant and Machinery | 25,000 | 20,000 |
| Land and Building | 40,000 | 50,000 |
| Outstanding Expenses | 5,600 | 6,000 |
| Sundry Debtors | 60,000 | 50,000 |
| Trade Creditors | 70,000 | 60,000 |
Pass necessary adjustment entry to be made because of the above changes in the values of assets and liabilities. However, old values will continue in the books .
X, Y and Z are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses as 5 : 4 : 3. Their Balance Sheet as at 31st March, 2019 was:
| Liabilities | Amount (₹) |
Assets | Amount (₹) |
|
| Sundry Creditors | 40,000 | Cash at Bank | 40,000 | |
| Outstanding Expenses | 15,000 | Sundry Debtors | 2,10,000 | |
| General Reserve | 75,000 | Stock | 3,00,000 | |
| Capital A/cs: | Furniture | 60,000 | ||
| X | 4,00,000 | Plant and Machinery | 4,20,000 | |
| Y | 3,00,000 | |||
| Z | 2,00,000 | 9,00,000 | ||
| 10,30,000 | 10,30,000 | |||
From 1st April, 2019, they agree to alter their profit-sharing ratio as 4 : 3 : 2. It is also decided that:
(a) Furniture be taken at 80% of its value.
(b) Stock be appreciated by 20%.
(c) Plant and Machinery be valued at ₹ 4,00,000.
(d) Outstanding Expenses be increased by ₹ 13,000.
Partners agreed that altered values are not to be recorded in the books and they also do not want to distribute the General Reserve.
You are required to pass a single Journal entry to give effect to the above. Also, prepare Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Balance Sheet of X and Y, who share profits and losses as 5 : 3, as at 1st April, 2019 is:
| Liabilities | Amount (₹) |
Assets | Amount (₹) |
| X's Capital | 52,000 | Goodwill | 8,000 |
| Y's Capital | 54,000 | Machinery | 38,000 |
| General Reserve | 4,800 | Furniture | 15,000 |
| Sundry Creditors | 5,000 | Sundry Debtors | 33,000 |
| Employees' Provident Fund | 1,000 | Stock | 7,000 |
| Workmen Compensation Reserve | 10,000 | Bank | 25,000 |
| Advertisement Suspense A/c | 800 | ||
| 1,26,800 | 1,26,800 |
On the above date, they decided to change their profit-sharing ratio to 3 : 5 and agreed upon the following:
(a) Goodwill be valued on the basis of two years' purchase of the average profit of the last three years. Profits for the years ended 31st March, are: 2016-17 − ₹ 7,500; 2017-18 − ₹ 4,000; 2018-19 − ₹ 6,500.
(b) Machinery and Stock be revalued at ₹ 45,000 and ₹ 8,000 respectively.
(c) Claim on account of workmen compensation is ₹ 6,000.
Prepare Revaluation Account, Partners' Capital Accounts and the Balance Sheet of the new firm.
At the time of admission of a new partner, Which adjustments are required:
On retirement/death of a partner, the remaining partner(s) who have gained due to change in profit sharing ratio should compensate the ______
Assertion (A): New Profit Sharing Ratio is the ratio in which old partners including the new partner, share the profits or losses of the firm.
Reason (R): When a new partner is admitted to the firm it is necessary to calculate the new profit sharing ratio with the help of the share agreed to forgo by the old partners.
A, B and C are partners sharing profit in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. C retired. The new Profit Sharing ratio between A and B will be:
Some adjustments are to be made at the time of the retiring partner.
(i) New profit sharing ratio of continuing partners
(ii) Accounting treatment of Goodwill
(iii) Sacrificing ratio of continuing partners
(iv) Accounting treatment of joint life policy.
Which of the above adjustments are to be done?
