Question

According to Dr. Ambedkar, "The President represents the nation but does not rule the nation." In this context answer the following questions:

1. The President of India is referred to as a nominal head of the State. State two examples of his legislative powers that suggest his nominal status.
2. Mention the circumstances when the President can declare a national emergency.
3. Explain two discretionary Powers of the President. 

Answer 1

1. The Prime Minister-in-Council has complete power in India, making the President a nominal and constitutional head of state.

   1. The President can dissolve the Lok Sabha only after consulting the Prime Minister.

   2. He has the authority to veto bills. If Parliament adopts a bill again and sends it to the President for approval, he must sign it to make it an act.
2. A national emergency is declared by the President:
   1. External aggression or war poses a threat to India's security or any part of it.
   2. If there is a threat of armed rebellion.
3. Two discretionary powers of the President are:
   1. If the ruling party loses majority support in the Lok Sabha or faces a vote of no-confidence, the President has the option of dissolving the House or requesting another party to prove its majority on the floor.
   2. If the Council of Ministers loses the House's confidence but refuses to quit, the President may dismiss them.