Question

The President of India enjoys vast powers. In this context, briefly explain: 

1. Any three of his/her Executive Powers.
2. Any three of his/her Legislative Powers.
3. Any two of his/her Judicial Powers.

Answer 1

1. According to the Constitution, the President holds the executive power of the Union. His Executive Power embraces what is ahead.
   1. Head of Union Administration: Executive orders are issued in the President’s name. All Union officials are his subordinates.
   2. Administration of union territories: The President appoints an Administrator with a specific designation.
   3. Control of State Governments: The Union Government can issue essential directives to a State. During the President's administration, the Union Government has entire jurisdiction over the states. 
2. Legislative powers are:
   1. The President addresses both Houses of Parliament following each General Election and at the start of each year's session. The President's presentation provides an overview of his government's national and foreign policy. The President can address the House or joint sitting at any time. He can send messages to any House of Parliament.
   2. A bill becomes law only with the President's assent. The President has three options after receiving a bill enacted by both Houses of Parliament. First, he may provide his consent. Second, he may refuse to provide his consent. Third, he can request reconsideration. If the measure is enacted again by both Houses of Parliament, whether with or without the amendment, the President must grant his consent. Money Bills are only introduced with the President's previous recommendation.
   3. Money Bills can only be introduced on the suggestion of a President. Bills for new states or changes to existing states require his recommendation before being introduced. 
3. Judicial Powers:
   1. The President has the authority to give pardons, reprieves, respite, and remission of penalty.
   2. The President can commute or remit sentences for any infraction against Union laws. He has authority over both death sentences and court martial punishments.
   3. He can offer amnesty to all political prisoners.
   4. The President is above the law. He cannot face legal proceedings or be arrested. A civil suit can be initiated against him with two months' advance notice.