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Question
Answer in brief:
State the characteristics of stationary waves.
Solution
Stationary wave: When two identical waves travelling along the same path in opposite directions interfere with each other, resultant wave is called a stationary wave.
Characteristics of stationary waves:
- Stationary waves are produced due to the superposition of two identical waves traveling through a medium along the same path in opposite directions.
- A standing wave has an overall look of alternating intensity maximum (displacement antinode) and minimum (displacement node).
- The distance between two consecutive nodes and antinodes is `λ/2`.
- Nodes and antinodes are produced alternately. The distance between a node and an adjacent antinode is `λ/4`.
- The amplitude of vibration varies periodically in space. All points vibrate with the same frequency.
- Though all the particles (except those at the nodes) possess energy, there is no propagation of energy. The wave is localized and its velocity is zero. Therefore, we call it a stationary wave.
- All the particles between adjacent nodes (i.e., in one loop) vibrate in phase. There is no progressive change of phase from one particle to another particle. All the particles in the same loop are in the same phase of oscillation, which reverses for the adjacent loop.
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What is a stationary wave?
