Question

Answer the following question with the help of the given points:

Write about Non-Alignment Movement–

1. Nature of Non-Alignment Movement
2. Criteria of Non-Alignment Movement
3. Belgrade Conference

Answer 1

The Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) was founded during the Cold War when the US and USSR were superpowers. NAM countries maintained their foreign policy independence by not matching with any major group.

1. Nature of Non-Alignment Movement:
   1. NAM was based on peace, neutrality, and independence from military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
   2. It focused on sovereignty, economic development, and peaceful coexistence.
2. Criteria of the Non-Alignment Movement:
   Criteria for Non-Alignment (Adopted at Belgrade, 1961)
   1. The country should have adopted an independent policy based on the coexistence of states with different political and social systems. 
   2. Support national independence movements. 
   3. It should not be a member of a multilateral alliance concluded in the context of the Cold War. 
   4. It should not be a member of a bilateral military alliance, or a regional defence pact in the context of great power conflicts.
   5.  It should not concede military bases to foreign powers in the context of great power rivalry.
3. Belgrade Conference:
   1. 1961 saw the first NAM Summit in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
   2. These leaders helped found NAM: 
      • Jawaharlal Nehru (India)
      • Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia)
      • Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt)
      • Sukarno (Indonesia)
      • Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)
   3. The conference's primary goal was to prevent newly independent nations from becoming puppets of the USSR or the USA.