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Question
Answer the following :
Sulfides of the cation of group II are precipitated in acidic solution (H2S + HCl) whereas sulfides of cations of group IIIB are precipitated in the ammoniacal solution of H2S. Comment on the relative values of the solubility product of sulfides of these.
Solution
Group II and group IIIB cations are precipitated as their sulphides. However, the solubility product of sulphides of group II cations is lower than group IIIB cations. Therefore, for the precipitation of cations of group II, only a small concentration of sulphide ion is required. This is achieved by passing H2S gas in the presence of strong electrolyte HCl, which has a common ion (H+) with H2S. Due to the common ion effect, the dissociation of H2S is suppressed and thus, the concentration of `"S"^(2-)` ions decreases. This results only in the precipitation of sulphides of group II while sulphides of the higher group remain in solution as they require a higher concentration of `"S"^(2-)` ions for precipitation.
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