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Question
By drawing an electron dot diagram, show the lone pair effect leading to the formation of ammonium ion from ammonia gas and hydrogen ion.
Solution
NH3 has one lone pair of electrons which is donates to hydrogen atom forming a co-ordinate bond. The arrow represents a co-ordinate bond. The arrow points from donor to acceptor atom.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Identify the term/substance in the following:
The electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom.
The following table shows the test a student performed on four different aqueous solutions which are X, Y, Z and W. Based on the observations provided, identify the cation present:
| Chemical test | Observation | Conclusion |
| To solution X, ammonium hydroxide is added in minimum quantity first and then in excess |
A dirty white precipitate is formed which dissolves in excess to form a clear solution |
(1) |
| To solution Y ammonium hydroxide is added in the minimum quantity first and then in excess |
A pale blue precipitate is formed which dissolves in excess to form a clear inky blue solution. |
(2) |
| To solution W a small quantity of sodium hydroxide solution is added and then in excess. |
A white precipitate is formed which remains insoluble. |
(3) |
| To a salt Z calcium hydroxide the solution is added and then heated. |
A pungent smelling gas turning moist red litmus paper blue is obtained. |
(4) |
What is meant by the term chemical bond and chemical bonding?
Why do atoms combine?
Fill in the blank
Coordinate bond is also called __________bond.
What is a lone pair of electrons?
Draw an electron dot diagram of a hydronium ion and label the lone pair of electrons.
What is the term defined below?
A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons with both electrons coming from the same atom.
Bonding in this molecule can be understood to involve coordinate bonding.
Identify the following:
A bond formed between two atoms by sharing of a pair of electrons, with both electrons being provided by the same atom.
